改性沸石同步深度脱氮除磷的实验研究

以氯化铝、硫酸镁为活性剂,采取高温活化,对天然沸石进行改性,并通过正交试验优化了改性工艺。以模拟二级出水为研究对象,考察了改性沸石同步去除水样中氮磷的效果及其影响因素,并对不同温度下改性沸石对磷酸盐和氨氮的吸附平衡和吸附热力学,以及脱氮除磷机理进行了探讨。结果表明,15 min后改性沸石脱氮除磷过程基本完成,其pH值范围与实际污水相符,最佳pH值为8;当投加质量浓度为0.8 g/L时,出水中氨氮浓度和总磷浓度均达到景观环境用水水质标准(GB/T 18921-2002)。改性沸石对氨氮和磷酸盐的吸附均符合Langmuir等温吸附方程。热力学参数ΔG⁰、ΔH⁰分别为正值和负值,表明该吸附是一个自发的吸热过程。     

Start-up of the anammox process from the conventional activated sludge in a hybrid bioreactor

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process was successfully started up from conventional activated sludge using a hybrid bioreactor within 2 months. The average removal efficiencies of ammonia and nitrite were both over 80%, and the maximum total nitrogen removal rate of 1.85 kg N/(m³.day) was obtained on day 362 with the initial sludge concentration of 0.7 g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)/L. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the granular sludge in the hybrid reactor clearly showed a high degree of compactness and cell sphericity, and the cell size was quite uniform. Transmission electron microscope photos showed that cells were round or oval, the cellular diameter was 0.6--1.0 μupm, and the percentage of the anammoxosome compartment was 51%--85% of the whole cell volume. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) indicated that anammox bacteria became the dominant population in the community (accounting for more than 51% of total bacteria on day 250). Seven planctomycete 16S rRNA gene sequences were present in the 16S rRNA gene clone library generated from the biomass and affiliated to Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Candidatus Brocadia sp., a new anammox species. In addition, the average effluent suspended solid (MLSS) concentrations of outlets I (above the non-woven carrier) and II (below the non-woven carrier) were 0.0009 and 0.0035 g/L, respectively. This showed that the non-woven carrier could catch the biomass effectively, which increased biomass and improved the nitrogen removal rate in the reactor.     

气候变化和人类活动对天津海岸带影响综述

21世纪全球海平面上升和区域地面沉降叠加所致的相对海平面上升速率存在加快趋势,将加剧天津沿海地区风暴潮、洪涝灾害和土地淹没的危害,影响沿海地区的城市抗灾功能、建筑物安全及生态资源。为此,本文综合讨论了气候变化导致的海平面上升和地面沉降对天津沿海风暴潮、海岸侵蚀以及港口码头的影响。建议滨海新区建设要高度重视海洋灾害的监测预警,提高沿海地区防潮和防汛工程的设计标准和城市抗灾能力,以有效实现滨海新区经济和社会可持续发展。     

Preparation of metal-doped Cu–Mn/HTS-1 catalysts and their mechanisms in efficient degradation of toluene

In order to study their synergistic catalytic effects in toluene degradation, CuMn_2O_4/HTS-1(HTS-1 was a titanium silicon molecular sieve), Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Y_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1 and Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Ce_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1 catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method.The textural properties, redox properties and acidity of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), H_2 temperature-programmed reduction(H_2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),frustrated total internal reflection(FT-IR), ammonium temperature-programmed desorption(NH_3-TPD) and pyridine adsorption internal reflection(Py-IR) measurements.The potential roles of Lewis acid sites(activating dioxygen) were discussed, and the experimental results indicated that the most efficient route for toluene degradation over Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Ce_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1(toluene conversion rate of 90%(T99) = 295℃) was ascribed to regulation of the synergistic effects of redox properties(activating molecular toluene) and Lewis acid sites(activating dioxygen).The Mars–Van–Krevelen(MVK) model was adopted to describe the reaction process of toluene oxidation, which gave an in-depth view into the toluene degradation over CuMn_2O_4/HTS-1, Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Y_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1 and Cu_(0.7)Mn_2Ce_(0.3)O_x/HTS-1.In addition, the synergistic effects between redox properties and Lewis acid sites were studied in detail.     

无机盐离子对负载型催化剂Co3O4/GO降解PVA废水的影响

以氧化石墨烯(GO)作为Co3O4的载体,制备出应用于基于硫酸根自由基的高级氧化技术的负载型催化剂复合物——Co3O4/GO,采用XRD、FT-IR、Raman、EDS和SEM表征测试,并考察了无机盐离子(Cl-、HCO3-、H2PO4-和NO3-)对催化降解PVA的影响。结果表明,Co3O4已成功负载到GO上;负载型催化剂Co3O4/GO具有很高的催化活性;不同无机盐离子对催化降解反应的影响不同。本研究内容将对实际PVA废水处理过程起到借鉴和指导作用。     

Mn/GO复合催化剂催化氧化NO

针对尾气中NO浓度高且传统方法脱除NO代价高的问题,研究了锰固载氧化石墨诱导单过硫酸氢钾(PMS)催化氧化并吸收NO方法。通过浸渍法在氧化石墨上负载了Mn3O4制得Mn/GO催化剂,以此为催化剂催化PMS氧化NO。研究了pH、PMS投加量、催化剂投加量以及温度等因素对NO氧化率的影响。结果表明,该系列Mn/GO催化剂可以有效地诱导PMS氧化NO,热处理时间为7 h时催化效果最佳。同时,对Mn/GO(7 h)的FT-IR、XRD、SEM、EDS以及XPS表征可知,Mn3O4是主要的锰氧化物,并成功负载在GO表面。     

探讨水文、气象因素对九江台形变资料的影响

利用九江台数字化形变观测资料,分析了形变各测项受温度、降雨、气压和水位等因素的影响情况。分析结果表明,年变动态较好的测项往往固体潮质量稍差、受降雨影响较小,且主要受控于洞温,而年变形态较差的测项往往受降雨影响明显;气压短期大幅波动对各测项有不同程度的影响;水位变幅较大时对大多数形变测项有显著影响。     

Measurement of semivolatile carbonaceous aerosols and its implications: A review

Measurement of carbonaceous aerosols is complicated by positive and negative artifacts. An organic denuder with high efficiency for removing gaseous organics is an effective approach to eliminate the positive artifact, and it is a precondition for the accurate determination of SVOC by an adsorbent backup filter. Evaluations of different configurations of the organic denuder, and SVOC determined by different denuder-based samplers, both integrated and semi-continuous, are reviewed. A new equation for determination of the denuder efficiency is estimated, considering the efficiency of removing both the gaseous organics that could be adsorbed by the quartz and the gaseous passing through the quartz that could be subsequently adsorbed by the backup adsorbent filter. The origin of OC on the backup quartz filter, behind either quartz or Teflon filter, is quantitatively evaluated by the denuder-based method based on the data published. The backup-OC is shown to be dominated by either gaseous organics passing through the front filter or the evaporated particulate organic carbon depending on the sampling environment.     

云南省滑坡泥石流与强降水的相关性和多时间尺度特征研究

以云南省1961-2011年的滑坡泥石流灾害和逐日降水观测数据为基础,采用相关分析和小波变换分析方法,研究了云南滑坡泥石流与强降水变化的相关性特征和多时间尺度特征。结论为:近51年来云南滑坡泥石流活动频次呈现出逐步增长的趋势,云南滑坡泥石流与强降水的变化具有显著的相关关系,与暴雨的相关性最高,其次为大暴雨和大雨。云南滑坡泥石流与强降水变化表现出十分明显的多时间尺度变化特征。滑坡泥石流与强降水的变化均存在有6年的特征时间尺度变化,在6年的特征时间尺度上,云南滑坡泥石流的变化一般是相同或滞后于强降水的变化。     

Air quality impact of the coal-fired power plants in the northern passageway of the China West-East Power Transmission Project

This paper analyzes the air quality impacts of coal-fired power plants in the northern passageway of the West-East Power Transmission Project in China. A three-layer Lagrangian model called ATMOS, was used to simulate the spatial distribution of incremental sulfur dioxide (SO2) and coarse particulate matter (PM10) concentrations under different emission control scenarios. In the year 2005, the emissions from planned power plants mainly affected the air quality of Shanxi, Shaanxi, the common boundary of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi, and the area around the boundary between Inner Mongolia and Ningxia. In these areas, the annually averaged incremental SO2 and PM10 concentrations exceed 2 and 2.5 microg/m3, respectively. The maximum increases of the annually averaged SO2 and PM10 concentrations are 8.3 and 7.2 microg/m3, respectively, which occur around Hancheng city, near the boundary of the Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces. After integrated control measures are considered, the maximum increases of annually averaged SO2 and PM10 concentrations fall to 4.9 and 4 microg/m3, respectively. In the year 2010, the areas affected by planned power plants are mainly North Shaanxi, North Ningxia, and Northwest Shanxi. The maximum increases of the annually averaged SO2 and PM10, concentrations are, respectively, 6.3 and 5.6 microg/m3, occurring in Northwest Shanxi, which decline to 4.4 and 4.1 microg/m3 after the control measures are implemented. The results showed that the proposed power plants mainly affect the air quality of the region where the power plants are built, with little impact on East China where the electricity will be used. The influences of planned power plants on air quality will be decreased greatly by implementing integrated control measures.