全文获取类型
收费全文 | 547篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 12篇 |
废物处理 | 6篇 |
环保管理 | 55篇 |
综合类 | 330篇 |
基础理论 | 49篇 |
污染及防治 | 72篇 |
评价与监测 | 18篇 |
社会与环境 | 11篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2016年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 16篇 |
2012年 | 10篇 |
2011年 | 13篇 |
2010年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 14篇 |
2008年 | 14篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 11篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1967年 | 6篇 |
1964年 | 7篇 |
1963年 | 10篇 |
1961年 | 9篇 |
1960年 | 9篇 |
1958年 | 11篇 |
1957年 | 8篇 |
1955年 | 8篇 |
1954年 | 6篇 |
1952年 | 5篇 |
1950年 | 6篇 |
1943年 | 5篇 |
1941年 | 6篇 |
1939年 | 5篇 |
1938年 | 6篇 |
1935年 | 5篇 |
1934年 | 5篇 |
1932年 | 6篇 |
1930年 | 5篇 |
1929年 | 5篇 |
1928年 | 5篇 |
1926年 | 5篇 |
1925年 | 5篇 |
1923年 | 6篇 |
1919年 | 5篇 |
1914年 | 6篇 |
1913年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有554条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
Robert A Becker 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1982,9(2):165-185
This paper examines the trade-off between capital accumulation and environmental quality that determines an intergenerationally equitable program according to the Rawls maximin criterion. This trade-off is explored by an analysis of regular maximin programs in the framework developed by Brock. This results in a constant utility path supported by competitive prices with government imposed effluent charges and environmental rentals. Sufficient conditions for a regular maximin path to satisfy a Hartwick rule in deciding on the combination of capital and environmental quality left to future generations are given. 相似文献
73.
Body mass is a consistent individual trait that characterises the state of adult birds and mammals and is positively related
with long-term reproductive success. However, whether and to what extent body mass changes over lifetime in long-lived birds
is poorly studied. In this paper, we investigate how individual body mass varies with age. Furthermore, we try to separate
possible effects of age and experience on body mass. This study was conducted in a Common Tern colony on the German Wadden
Sea coast. Transponders allowed registration of individuals throughout the breeding season and consecutive years with an antenna
system combined with electronic balances for recording individual body-mass changes within and between years. Individual body
masses of males and females were measured during three stages of the breeding season: at arrival, during incubation and chick
rearing when mass was lowest in both sexes. Individual-based longitudinal analyses clearly showed that body mass during arrival,
incubation and chick rearing increased up to an age of 5 or 6 years. First-time breeders had lower body mass than experienced
breeders. Experience had stronger effects on incubation mass than age. Recruiting age also affected body-mass development
of breeders: Three-year-old recruits showed a stronger increase in mass with experience than 4-year-old recruits. We assume
that increasing experience enables birds to cope better with the physiological challenge of reproduction. To explain the general
phenomenon of higher body mass in older birds, our results support the constraint hypothesis rather than either the selection
or restraint hypothesis. 相似文献
74.
M Zachariah Peery Benjamin H Becker Steven R Beissinger 《Ecological applications》2006,16(4):1516-1528
Identifying source-sink dynamics is of fundamental importance for conservation but is often limited by an inability to determine how immigration and emigration influence population processes. We demonstrate two ways to assess the role of immigration on population processes without directly observing individuals dispersing from one population to another and apply these methods to a population of Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in California (USA). In the first method, the rate of immigration (i) is estimated by subtracting local recruitment (recruitment from within the population due to reproduction) estimated with demographic data from total recruitment (f; recruitment from within the population plus recruitment from other populations) estimated using temporal symmetry mark-recapture models developed by R. Pradel. The second method compares population growth rates estimated with temporal symmetry models (lambdaTS) and/or population growth rates estimated from counts of individuals over multiple sampling periods (lambdaC) with growth estimates from a stage-structured projection matrix model (lambdaM). Both lambdaTS and lambdaC incorporate all demographic processes affecting population change (birth, death, immigration, and emigration), whereas matrix models are usually constructed without incorporating immigration. Thus, if lambdaTS and lambdaC are > or = 1 and lambdaM < 1, the population is sustained by immigration and is considered to be a sink. Using the first method, recruitment estimated with temporal symmetry models was high (f= 0.182, SE = 0.058), the mean adult birth rate, as estimated using the ratio of juveniles to > or = 1 year old individuals (observed during ship-based surveys) was low (bA = 0.039, SE = 0.014), and immigration was 0.160 (SE = 0.057). Using the second method, murrelet numbers in central California were stable (lambdaC = 1.058, SE = 0.047; lambdaTS = 1.064, SE = 0.033), but were projected to decline 9.5% annually in the absence of immigration (lambdaM = 0.905, SE = 0.053). Our results suggest that Marbled Murrelets in central California represent a sink population that is stable but would decline in the absence of immigration from larger populations to the north. However, the extent to which modeled immigration is due to permanent recruitment or temporarily dispersing individuals that simply mask population declines is uncertain. 相似文献
75.
We present an in-depth decompositionanalysis using physical indicators oftrends in Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the cementindustry in Brazil, China, South Korea andthe United States. Physical indicatorsallow a detailed analysis of intra-sectoraltrends, in contrast to the often usedmonetary indicators. We assess thecontribution of different factors affectingCO2 emissions in the cement industry,including change in product mix, efficiencyof power generation, changes in fuel mixand changes in energy efficiency. Thedecomposition results show that in allexamined countries, increased productionwas the main contributor to the increase intotal CO2 emissions. Energy-efficiencyimprovement is the most important factorthat led to the reduction of emissionintensities for all countries except Korea.For Korea, structural change in the productmix is the most important factorcontributing to the emission intensityreduction. 相似文献
76.
77.
Urs Baumann Hanspeter Indermaur und Ernst Pletscher 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》2000,12(2):63-67
Zusammenfassung Zur ?kotoxikologischen Beurteilung von belastetem Wasser werden h?ufig einfache Biotests eingesetzt. Nicht selten werden dabei
toxische Effekte festgestellt. Es stellt sich dann die Frage nach den verantwortlichen Wasserinhalts-stoffen. Durch Festphasenextraktion
(SPE) werden diese angereichert, gewonnen und dünnschichtchromatographisch unter Verwendung der automatisierten Mehrfachentwicklung
aufgetrennt. Von der DC-Platte wird ein Streifen abgetrennt und darauf direkt die biologische Detektion mit Mikroorganismen
(Bacillus subtilis, Leuchtbakterien) durchgeführt. Dadurch k?nnen toxische Banden erkannt werden, Auf dem DC-Plattenrest wird von der toxischen
Bande mit einem DC-scanner ein UV-Spektrum aufgenommen, die entsprechende Bande herausgekratzt, der toxische Stoff eluiert
und infrarotspektroskopisch untersucht. Durch Spektrenvergleich gelingt es meistens, den Stoff zu charakterisieren.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird am Beispiel eines Zitzengummieluates das Analysenkonzept vorgestelit. Es zeigte sich, dass
dieser Gummiartikel einen Vulkanisationsbeschleuniger (2-Mercaptobenzothiazol) freisetzt.
Online-Publikation am: 21.12.1999 相似文献
78.
Mayer J Linnemann H Becker E Rentschler W Jockel W Wilbring P Gerchel B 《Chemosphere》2000,40(9-11):1025-1027
AMESA (adsorption method for sampling of dioxins) is a fully automatic system for long term monitoring of dioxin emissions from industrial processes based on the adsorption method. The system has been tested and undergoing a certification procedure according to the German guidelines for certification of systems for continuous monitoring of special substances. The certification covered parameters such as disposability of the system, reproducibility of the results and comparability of the sampling method with German and European standard methods. Furthermore break through, blanks and sample storability were investigated. The results prove that AMESA is a state of the art sampling system for continuous monitoring of dioxin/furan emissions. 相似文献
79.
Fritz Nü?lein Ernst Anton Feicht Sigurd Schulte-Hostede und Antonius Kettrup 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》1997,9(3):136-142
Zusammenfassung Ein quecksilberkontaminierter Altstandort dient als Beispiel für eine umweltmedizinische Beurteilung der Belastung der im
Umfeld wohnenden Personen durch Quecksilberimmissionen. Dabei wird die innere Exposition für sieben verschiedene Altersgruppen
bezüglich der KontaktmedienBoden, Luft undNahrungsmittel anhand von konventionell festgelegten Szenarien abgesch?tzt und ein Vergleich mit den epidemiologischen Ergebnissen eines
Humanmonitorings angestrebt. Die standortspezifisch und pfadspezifisch durchgeführte Expositionsabsch?tzung stützt sich auf
cine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Probenehmern sowie auf über mehrere Jahre durchgeführte Konzentrationsmessungen in den
aufnahmerelevanten Kompartimenten. Sowohl die Berechnungen als auch die epidemiologischen Untersuchungen zeigen eine leichte
Erh?hung der Quecksilberexposition, gemessen an strengen Richtwerten.
相似文献
80.
D. Wang S.R. Yates F.F. Ernst 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1997,31(24):4119-4123
Accurate emission measurement of highly volatile chemicals such as methyl bromide (MeBr) is a crucial step in assessing their potential for environmental contamination. Use of flux chambers is a simple method for measuring emission rate under field conditions. To validate the applicability of a dynamic flow-through chamber for measuring MeBr emission, we provide a complete presentation of calibration and testing of the chamber. The calibration was made under a controlled system subject to ambient temperature changes. Two field experiments were conducted to test the chamber for measuring MeBr flux under conditions similar to commercial soil fumigation practices. In both the calibration and the two field experiments, the chamber provided accurate emission estimates. The maximum mass balance error was < 10% which is comparable to the micrometerological method. Because of its simplicity, we believe this dynamic flux chamber can be used reliably in quantifying the emission dynamics of highly volatile chemicals such as MeBr. 相似文献