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81.
Esther Llorens Joaquim Comas Eugènia Martí Joan Lluís Riera Francesc Sabater Manel Poch 《Ecological modelling》2009
The nutrient enrichment of rivers and its consequences are among the most severe water quality problems in Europe, causing eutrophication and other problems. The decision-making processes involved in the management of these problems require extensive human expertise from people who deal directly with day-to-day stream problems, as well as empirical knowledge based on scientific research. This means that eutrophication is a complex problem, the optimal management of which requires an integrated and multidisciplinary approach. This approach can be taken using a Knowledge-Based System (KBS) built upon the concepts and methods of human reasoning. Accordingly, a KBS was developed within the STREAMES project. In this KBS most of the knowledge needed for managing eutrophication problems was organised and structured in the form of a decision tree (DT). The methodology specially developed to build this KBS, as well as the internal structure of the eutrophication decision tree, is presented here. The good DT obtained led to consider the KBS a suitable tool to support the management of eutrophication. 相似文献
82.
Rui Lourenço Vincenzo Penteriani Maria del Mar Delgado Michela Marchi-Bartolozzi João Eduardo Rabaça 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(9):1709-1714
Intraguild predation (IGP) has been explained in terms of competitor-removal, food-stress and predator-removal hypotheses.
Only the first two hypotheses have been fairly well studied. To test the predator-removal hypothesis as a force determining
IGP in avian predators, we performed a field experiment to simulate the presence of an IG predator (eagle owl Bubo bubo dummy) in the surrounding of the nests of four potential IG prey (black kite Milvus migrans, red kite Milvus milvus, booted eagle Aquila pennata and common buzzard Buteo buteo). To discard the possibility that an aggressive reaction towards the eagle owl was not related to the presence of the IG
predator, we also presented a stuffed tawny owl Strix aluco, which is a potential competitor but cannot be considered an IG predator of the studied diurnal raptors considered in the
experiment. While almost always ignoring the tawny owl, raptors chiefly showed an interspecific aggressive behaviour towards
their IG predator. Our results seem to support the predator-removal hypothesis, as the IG prey may take advantage of the diurnal
inactivity of the IG predator to remove it from their territory. However, the recorded behaviour may be also considered as
a special variety of mobbing (i.e. a prey’s counter-strategy against its predator), where the mobber is sufficiently powerful
to escalate predator harassment into deliberate killing attempts. In their turn, eagle owls can respond with an IG predatory
behaviour aimed at removing IG prey species which are highly aggressive mobbers. 相似文献
83.
Chantal Deden Kornelia Neveling Dimitra Zafeiropopoulou Christian Gilissen Rolph Pfundt Tuula Rinne Nicole de Leeuw Brigitte Faas Thatjana Gardeitchik Suzanne C. E. H. Sallevelt Aimee Paulussen Servi J. C. Stevens Esther Sikkel Mariet W. Elting Merel C. van Maarle Karin E. M. Diderich Nicole Corsten-Janssen Klaske D. Lichtenbelt Guus Lachmeijer Lisenka E. L. M. Vissers Helger G. Yntema Marcel Nelen Ilse Feenstra Wendy A. G. van Zelst-Stams 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(8):972-983
Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic yield and clinical utility of trio-based rapid whole exome sequencing (rWES) in pregnancies of fetuses with a wide range of congenital anomalies detected by ultrasound imaging.Methods
In this observational study, we analyzed the first 54 cases referred to our laboratory for prenatal rWES to support clinical decision making, after the sonographic detection of fetal congenital anomalies. The most common identified congenital anomalies were skeletal dysplasia (n = 20), multiple major fetal congenital anomalies (n = 17) and intracerebral structural anomalies (n = 7).Results
A conclusive diagnosis was identified in 18 of the 54 cases (33%). Pathogenic variants were detected most often in fetuses with skeletal dysplasia (n = 11) followed by fetuses with multiple major fetal congenital anomalies (n = 4) and intracerebral structural anomalies (n = 3). A survey, completed by the physicians for 37 of 54 cases, indicated that the rWES results impacted clinical decision making in 68% of cases.Conclusions
These results suggest that rWES improves prenatal diagnosis of fetuses with congenital anomalies, and has an important impact on prenatal and peripartum parental and clinical decision making. 相似文献84.
85.
86.
Cueff Sixtine Alletto Lionel Dumény Valérie Benoit Pierre Pot Valérie 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(13):15934-15946
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The main goals of conservation agriculture are to enhance soil fertility and reduce soil degradation, especially through erosion. However,... 相似文献
87.
Maricica Pacurari Diane Schwegler-Berry Sherri Friend Steven S. Leonard Robert R. Mercer Val Vallyathan 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(5):1045-1072
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are being developed to be used in many industrial and biomedical applications. However, SWCNT's durability and likely fibrous morphology have raised health concerns. The present investigations were focused on understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms induced by raw SWCNT (SWCNT) in human bronchial-epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Asbestos (crocidolite) was used as a positive control. Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to SWCNT induced apoptosis, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. The generation of hydroxyl radical (?OH) and increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were concentration-dependent. The increase in apoptosis was associated with activation of caspase-3, caspase-7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). A short recovery period of 6?h of cells from SWCNT exposure resulted in reversal of caspase-3 and caspase-7, and a partial reversal of PARP-1 activation. The activation of PARP-1, caspase-3, and caspase-7 was only partially diminished after a recovery of 6?h from the exposure to crocidolite. Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to SWCNT resulted in the phosphorylation of protein p42/44 (p42/44) and protein p38 (p38). SWCNT did not induce protein serine-threonine kinase (AKT) phosphorylation. For all the above end points, crocidolite induced a greater response compared to SWCNT. SWCNT induced a significant activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and the effect was inhibited by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. SWCNT also induced significant increase in the expression levels of c-Jun, βIGH3, and CD44 genes. The results of this study show that the molecular mechanism for raw SWCNT-mediated toxicity in BEAS-2B cells is through the activation of caspase-3, caspase-7, and PARP-1. Furthermore, the mechanism of AP-1 and NF-κB activation is through MAPK. This bioactivity of raw SWCNT is associated with the generation of oxidative stress and DNA damage. Considering the role of airway epithelium as a critical barrier for normal pulmonary function and focal point for tumor development, this study demonstrates that raw SWCNT activate molecular events which may be linked to adverse biological responses implicated in pulmonary diseases. 相似文献
88.
R. del Valle-Zermeño J. Formosa J.M. Chimenos M. Martínez A.I. Fernández 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(3):621-627
The main goal of this paper is to obtain a granular material formulated with Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) bottom ash (BA) and air pollution control (APC) fly ash to be used as secondary building material. Previously, an optimum concrete mixture using both MSWI residues as aggregates was formulated. A compromise between the environmental behavior whilst maximizing the reuse of APC fly ash was considered and assessed. Unconfined compressive strength and abrasion resistance values were measured in order to evaluate the mechanical properties. From these results, the granular mixture was not suited for certain applications owing to the high BA/APC fly ash content and low cement percentages used to reduce the costs of the final product. Nevertheless, the leaching test performed showed that the concentrations of all heavy metals were below the limits established by the current Catalan legislation for their reutilization. Therefore, the material studied might be mainly used in embankments, where high mechanical properties are not needed and environmental safety is assured. 相似文献
89.
Elizabeth Vega Isidoro García David Apam M. Esther Ruíz Martha Barbiaux 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):524-529
Mexico City frequently experiences high levels of air pollution. This is due mainly to its topography and meteorology that suppress pollutant diffusion and dispersion. The atmospheric mixing is extremely poor, especially during the dry winter months. The levels of certain pollutants, such as particulate matter, are of concern since they have severe effects on public health. Visibility deterioration is one of the most noticeable effects in large cities. Biological effects of particulate matter on man and animals, ranging from mild eye irritation to death, have been reported. The effects depend on the size of the particles, their solubility, and toxicity. The main objective of this paper is to present the results of a chemical mass balance receptor model applied to a well-characterized data set of particulate matter collected in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). Samples of particulate matter were collected using a denuder and a Hi-Vol system for the respi-rable fraction and total suspended particles, respectively. In this paper the analysis of a database consisting of the chemical composition of 33 samples of respirable particulate matter (aerosols with diameter less than 2.5 µm) is presented. The 12-hour samples were acquired during day and night periods in a typical medium-income neighborhood from December 19, 1989 through February 5, 1990. 相似文献
90.
Mathilde Lefebvre Fabienne Dufernez Ange-Line Bruel Marie Gonzales Bernard Aral Judith Saint-Onge Nadège Gigot Julie Desir Caroline Daelemans Frédérique Jossic Sébastien Schmitt Raphaele Mangione Fanny Pelluard Catherine Vincent-Delorme Jean-Marc Labaune Nicole Bigi Dominique D'Olne Anne-Lise Delezoide Annick Toutain Sophie Blesson Valérie Cormier-Daire Julien Thevenon Salima El Chehadeh Alice Masurel-Paulet Nicole Joyé Claude Vibert-Guigue Luc Rigonnot Thierry Rousseau Pierre Vabres Philippe Hervé Antonin Lamazière Jean-Baptiste Rivière Laurence Faivre Nicole Laurent Christel Thauvin-Robinet 《黑龙江环境通报》2015,35(7):675-684