活性氧参与多壁碳纳米管诱导的RAW264.7细胞毒性

碳纳米管以其独特的结构和性能,在生物医药和电子等领域广泛应用,而其生态安全性也成为科学界关注的焦点。为探究多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)诱导的细胞毒性机制,将小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)暴露于6个浓度梯度(0、25、50、100、150和200μg.mL-1)的MWCNTs中,应用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定细胞存活率,用2’,7’-二氯荧光素二乙酸(DCFH-DA)荧光染色法测定细胞内活性氧的生产量,用流式细胞方法测定MWCNTs对细胞周期的影响。同时使用抗氧化剂氮乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)验证MWCNTs诱导的细胞氧化损伤的作用机理。结果显示,MWCNTs对RAW264.7的细胞毒性呈剂量依赖性。暴露于不同浓度的MWCNTs(25、50、100、150和200μg.mL-1)下24h后,细胞活力分别为对照的74%、62%、59%、51%和45%。MWCNTs对RAW264.7的周期阻滞作用主要发生在G0/G1期。200μg.mL-1的MWCNTs处理3h后活性氧较对照组上升6.6倍。NAC对MWCNTs细胞毒作用有明显的抑制作用,且NAC能减弱MWCNTs对RAW264.7的细胞周期阻滞作用。研究表明,活性氧能够介导MWCNTs对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的损伤,并且MWCNTS通过细胞周期G0/G1期的阻滞,诱导细胞凋亡。     

Historical trends of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) recorded in sediments across the Tibetan Plateau

Sediment cores from four lakes across the Tibetan Plateau were used as natural archives to study the time trends of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The total concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ΣDDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (ΣHCH) were in the range of 0.04–1.61 and 0.08–1.88 ng/g based on dry weight (dw), while the input fluxes were in the range of 0.3–236 and 0.7–295 pg/cm²/y in the core sediments, respectively. The input fluxes of ΣDDT and ΣHCH generally peaked in sediment layers corresponding to the 1970s–1990s and peaked in top sediment layers. The ratio of α/γ-HCH decreased in the top layer sediments, implying that the contribution of lindane (pure γ-HCH) has been increasing in recent years. In addition, the ratio of o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT increased significantly over the last 15–20 years, suggesting that dicofol (characterized by high ratio of o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT about 7.0) has recently become a relatively more important source of DDT compared to technical DDT itself. The time trends of OCPs recorded in lake sediments examined the impact on such remote alpine regions by human activities.     

荧光素酶报告基因法测定废气中二英类物质

研究二噁英类生物检测法的主要目的是简化二噁英类分析流程,并找出快速检测的结果与HRGC-HRMS(高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱)结果之间的换算系数,从而可以利用快速检测的结果和换算系数来推算HRGC-HRMS的结果. 介绍了CALUX(荧光素酶报告基因法)分析废气中二噁英类物质的原理,并采用该方法分析了我国27个废气样品,以期找出其测定结果与HRGC-HRMS结果之间的换算系数. 结果表明,这2种测试方法数据相关性显著,R2为0.994 8,数据间的换算系数为0.379. 试验表明,CALUX法具有很好的推广性,如果再适当增加废气样品的数量,对换算系数进行适当的优化,则所得换算系数可推广.      

一种新型拓扑分子表征方法的应用研究

采用本实验室新近提出的新型广义相关指数表征41个烃基酚类环境毒物结构并与其活性建立定量构效相关模型.采用逐步回归对变量进行筛选后,运用多元线性回归建模的复相关系数(Rcum)、交互校验的复相关系数(Qcum)和外部样本检验复相关系数(Qext)分别为Rcum=0.967、Qcum=0.931与Qext=0.944,优于文献中的报道值.模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力,表明此类新型广义相关指数能较好地表征该类分子结构信息,值得进一步推广应用。     

浏阳河水、底泥和土壤中高氯酸盐的污染

对浏阳市境内浏阳河水、底泥及附近土壤中高氯酸盐的污染水平进行了研究,结果发现所采集的浏阳河水中均含有较高浓度(65.8-170.0μg·1-1)的高氯酸盐,并且其含量与距离浏阳市的远近有很大相关性;但底泥样品中基本不含高氯酸盐,土壤样品中高氯酸盐含量也相对较低(0.68-14.1μg·kg-1),这从一定程度上说明了高氯酸盐在固体介质中具有较弱的吸附,并且一旦进入水环境介质中即会随着地下水或地表水快速扩散.     

A lover, not a fighter: mating causes male crickets to lose fights

Both resource-holding potential (RHP) and experience in aggressive contests are known to affect future aggressive behaviour. However, few studies have examined the effects of mating experience on agonistic behaviour, despite the fact that dominant males usually acquire more matings. We investigated the effect of mating experience on male aggressive behaviour including the relationship between RHP and fighting success in the fall field cricket, Gryllus pennsylvanicus. We formed pairs of size- and age-matched males that varied in RHP (relative weapon size) and conducted two experiments. In the first, we varied male mating experience by allowing one male in a pair to either be (a) ‘mated’: court, be mounted and copulate with a virgin female or (b) ‘experienced’: court, be mounted, but prevented from copulating. The second experiment varied postcopulatory experience where the male was allowed (‘contact’) or prevented from (‘no-contact’) continued contact with his recent mate. Following treatment, experimental males engaged in an aggressive contest with the naïve size- and age-matched male. In our first experiment, we found that mated and experienced males were equally likely to escalate contests to combat with a naïve opponent, but mated males were less likely than experienced males to win. There was no effect of mating on the relationship between RHP and fighting success. In our second experiment, we found no effect of maintaining contact with the female on the tendency to escalate or the probability of winning. As in the first experiment, males with relatively larger heads again won more fights and this relationship was unaffected by male experience. These results suggest that mating is itself detrimental to male success in aggressive contests, but that this effect is not sufficient to eliminate the effect of RHP on fighting success.     

一种非平稳随机振动试验控制系统设计

目的 实现非平稳随机振动试验控制,在传统随机振动试验控制理论基础上,提出一种针对非平稳连续振动方式下的随机试验控制方法.方法 将均方根时变的非平稳随机振动过程近似等效为一个均方根和PSD谱的乘积模型,通过实时计算归一化的驱动谱,利用均方根实时跟随控制策略,更新驱动信号,实现连续非平稳随机振动控制.利用软件编程实现控制算...     

生活区废旧物回收处理系统研究

通过对上海南汇大学城生活区的调研,分析了南汇大学城废旧物回收处理的现状和存在的问题.借鉴国内外相关研究和实践成果,结合南汇大学城的实际情况,设计了废旧物回收处理系统方案和相应的运营管理方案,并提出了建立回收中介网络、积分制运营等建议.     

脉冲电弧液相放电等离子体处理生活污水回用研究

利用脉冲电弧液相放电等离子体技术,采用某小区的生活污水,研究放电脉冲次数、放电峰值电压、曝气量对COD、氨氮去除的影响.随着放电脉冲次数的增加,COD与氨氮去除率逐渐升高,当放电脉冲次数为400次时,COD和氨氮的去除率分别为81.8％、80.3％.随着放电峰值电压的升高与曝气量的增加,COD、氨氮的去除效率增加.在相同放电处理时间下,当峰值电压为18 kV时,曝气量大于4m3/h,COD去除率大于96％,氨氮去除率大于90％,出水水质满足回用标准.     

含乐果废水的循环电-Fenton氧化过程及其影响因素

为克服传统Fenton(Conventional Fenton,简称CF)法中存在着Fe2 在反应初始时即被氧化且反应过程中产生大量铁泥(Fe的复杂络合物)的不足,研究了循环电-Fenton(Circulating Electro Fenton,简称CEF-FeRe)法氧化降解自配乐果废水的过程及其各影响因子的作用机制.CEF-FeRe反应所需的H2O2通过蠕动泵缓慢加入到电解池中,而被氧化了的Fe2 又在阴极被还原,使得Fenton反应能持续进行.在乐果浓度为200mg·L-1时,通过多个单因素试验确定最佳CEF-FeRe反应条件为:常温、pH值为3.0、H2O2/Fe2 的摩尔比为10、H2O2的加入量为理论剂量、恒流0.5A.结果表明,在此条件下反应120min后COD去除率为81.67%,乐果在25min内去除率为99.4%.通过测定CEF-FeRe以及CF反应过程中Fe2 和H2O2的变化情况验证了CEF-FeRe反应的机理.动力学研究结果表明.乐果废水的CEF-FeRe反应符合一级动力学反应规律.CEF-FeRe法处理实际乐果废水也可以得到91.16%的乐果去除及68.53%的COD去除,这表明CEF-FeRe法处理乐果废水效率高且运行费用较低的特点.