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161.
Benjamin Okang’ Odumo Gregoria Carbonell Hudson Kalambuka Angeyo Jayanti Purshottam Patel Manuel Torrijos José Antonio Rodríguez Martín 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(21):12426-12435
This work considered the environmental impact of artisanal mining gold activity in the Migori–Transmara area (Kenya). From artisanal gold mining, mercury is released to the environment, thus contributing to degradation of soil and water bodies. High mercury contents have been quantified in soil (140 μg kg?1), sediment (430 μg kg?1) and tailings (8,900 μg kg?1), as expected. The results reveal that the mechanism for transporting mercury to the terrestrial ecosystem is associated with wet and dry depositions. Lichens and mosses, used as bioindicators of pollution, are related to the proximity to mining areas. The further the distance from mining areas, the lower the mercury levels. This study also provides risk maps to evaluate potential negative repercussions. We conclude that the Migori–Transmara region can be considered a strongly polluted area with high mercury contents. The technology used to extract gold throughout amalgamation processes causes a high degree of mercury pollution around this gold mining area. Thus, alternative gold extraction methods should be considered to reduce mercury levels that can be released to the environment. 相似文献
162.
Bruno Rodríguez-Morgado Isidoro Gómez Juan Parrado Manuel Tejada 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(18):11027-11035
We studied the behaviour of oxyfluorfen herbicide at a rate of 4 l ha?1 on biological properties of a Calcaric Regosol amended with two edaphic biostimulants/biofertilizers (SS, derived from sewage sludge; and CF, derived from chicken feathers). Oxyfluorfen was surface broadcast on 11 March 2013. Two days after application of oxyfluorfen to soil, both biostimulants/biofertilizers (BS) were also applied to the soil. An unamended soil without oxyfluorfen was used as control. For 2, 4, 7, 9, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of the application of herbicide to the soil and for each treatment, the soil dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase and phosphatase activities were measured. For 2, 7, 30 and 120 days of the application of herbicide to the soil and for each treatment, soil microbial community was determined. The application of both BS to soil without the herbicide increased the enzymatic activities and soil biodiversity, mainly at 7 days of beginning the experiment. However, this stimulation was higher in the soil amended with SS than for CF. The application of herbicide in organic-amended soils decreased the inhibition of soil enzymatic activities and soil biodiversity. Possibly, the low-molecular-weight protein content easily assimilated by soil microorganisms is responsible for less inhibition of these soil biological properties. 相似文献
163.
Sebastián Villasante David Rodríguez-González Manel Antelo Susana Rivero-Rodríguez Joseba Lebrancón-Nieto 《Ambio》2013,42(8):937-950
Through a comparative analysis of prices in capture fisheries and aquaculture sectors, the objectives of this paper are a) to investigate three the trends in prices of forage catches to feed the aquaculture species, b) to analyze the amount of fish species need to feed aquaculture species in order to assess the level of efficiency in resource use, and c) to examine the degree of economic concentration either in wild-catch industry and aquaculture sectors. The results show that prices of cultivated species are higher than prices of the same species when harvested from the sea. We explain this fact by the interplay of three forces. First, the amount of wild fish to feed aquaculture species continues to improve over time. Second, the pressure of fishing activities has not been reduced since catches of most forage fishes are declining, which induce higher prices of capture species that feed aquaculture production. Third, the level of seafood market concentration is significantly higher in aquaculture than in wild catches, which generates higher prices in aquaculture. 相似文献
164.
Sebastián Villasante Gonzalo Macho Manel Antelo David Rodríguez-González Michel J. Kaiser 《Ambio》2013,42(8):905-909
In this paper, we summarize the contributions made by an interdisciplinary group of researchers from different disciplines (biology, ecology, economics, and law) that deal with key dimensions of marine social–ecological systems. Particularly, the local and global seafood provision; the feasibility and management of marine protected areas; the use of marine ecosystem services; the institutional dimension in European fisheries, and the affordable models for providing scientific advice to small-scale fisheries. This Special Issue presents key findings from selected case studies around the world available to educators, policy makers, and the technical community. Together, these papers show that a range of diverse ecological, economic, social, and institutional components often mutually interact at spatial and temporal scales, which evidence that managing marine social–ecological systems needs a continuous adaptability to navigate into new governance systems. 相似文献
165.
González-Macías C Schifter I Lluch-Cota DB Méndez-Rodríguez L Hernández-Vázquez S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):187-207
Concentrations of total aromatic hydrocarbons and extractable organic matter in the water column and sediment were determined
in samples collected in the course of the last 20 years from the Salina Cruz Harbor, México, to assess the degree of organic
contamination. In sediments, organic compounds accumulate in shallow areas mostly associated with extractable organic matter
and fine fractions. Calculated geocumulation index and enrichment factors suggest that contamination could be derived from
anthropogenic activities attributed to harbor and ship scrapping activities, as well as transboundary source. Concentration
of total aromatic hydrocarbons (as chrysene equivalents) ranged from 0.01 to 534 μg l−1 in water, and from 0.10 to 2,160 μg g−1 in sediments. Total aromatic concentration of 5 μg g−1 is proposed as background concentration. 相似文献
166.
Yuji Sakuno Esteban R. Miño Satoshi Nakai Hidemi Mutsuda Tetsuji Okuda Wataru Nishijima Rolando Castro Amarillis García Rosanna Peña Marcos Rodríguez G. Conrado Depratt 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(7):4181-4193
This study aims to study the distribution of contaminants in rivers that flow into the Caribbean Sea using chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and suspended sediment (SS) as markers and ALOS AVNIR-2 satellite sensor data. The Haina River (HN) and Ozama and Isabela Rivers (OZ-IS) that flow through the city of Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic, were chosen. First, in situ spectral reflectance/Chl-a and SS datasets obtained from these rivers were acquired in March 2011 (case A: with no rain influence) and June 2011 (case B: with rain influence), and the estimation algorithm of Chl-a and SS using AVNIR-2 data was developed from the datasets. Moreover, the developed algorithm was applied to AVNIR-2 data in November 2010 for case A and August 2010 for case B. Results revealed that for Chl-a and SS estimations under cases A and B conditions, the reflectance ratio of AVNIR-2 band 4 and band 3 (AV4/AV3) and the reflectance of AVNIR-2 band 4 (AV4) were effective. The Chl-a and SS mapping results obtained using AVNIR-2 data corresponded with the field survey results. Finally, an outline of the distribution of contaminants at the mouth of the river that flows into the Caribbean Sea was obtained for both rivers in cases A and B. 相似文献
167.
Carlos Costa Javier Rodríguez M. Carmen Márquez 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(6):739-747
A simplified dynamic model for the activated sludge process with high-strength wastewaters is presented. The model is based
on activated sludge models and predicts effluent chemical oxygen demand concentration using only four parameters. Experimental
data for testing the model were obtained in an activated sludge plant using flax retting wastewater. The proposal of the model
is described: mass balance to the system, selection of variables and behaviour of the theoretical values versus experimental
results. 相似文献
168.
Esteller MV Rodríguez R Cardona A Padilla-Sánchez L 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(9):5725-5741
The impact of intensive aquifer exploitation has been observed in numerous places around the world. Mexico is a representative example of this problem. In 2010, 101 out of the 653 aquifers recognized in the country, showed negative social, economic, and environmental effects related to intensive exploitation. The environmental effects include, among others, groundwater level decline, subsidence, attenuation, and drying up of springs, decreased river flow, and deterioration of water quality. This study aimed at determining the hydrochemical changes produced by intensive aquifer exploitation and highlighting water quality modifications, taking as example the Valle de Toluca, Salamanca, and San Luis Potosi aquifers in Mexico's highlands. There, elements such as fluoride, arsenic, iron, and manganese have been detected, resulting from the introduction of older groundwater with longer residence times and distinctive chemical composition (regional flows). High concentrations of other elements such as chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and vanadium, as well as pathogens, all related to anthropogenic pollution sources (wastewater infiltration, irrigation return flow, and atmospheric pollutants, among others) were also observed. Some of these elements (nitrate, fluoride, arsenic, iron, and manganese) have shown concentrations above Mexican and World Health Organization drinking water standards. 相似文献
169.
Correa-Torres SN Pacheco-Londoño LC Espinosa-Fuentes EA Rodríguez L Souto-Bachiller FA Hernández-Rivera SP 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(1):30-33
Plants growing in the Caribbean, Rubia tinctorum, Lippia dulcis and Spermacoce remota, were used in vitro to remove TNT from culture media. Plants were found to be resistant to high TNT levels. S. remota was able to remove TNT in less than 48 h. Part of the TNT was physically removed from the culture media by evaporation. 相似文献
170.
R. San José M.A. Rodríguez I. Salas R.M. González 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,65(1-2):477-484
Operational air quality models have become an important tool to assist the decision makers in European Environmental Offices at different levels: cities, regional and state. Because of the important advance on computing capabilities during the last few years the possibility of incorporating the complex research and academic mesoscale air quality models under routine operational basis has become a reality. OPANA model is the operational version of the research model ANA (Atmospheric mesoscale Numerical pollution model for regional and urban Areas). This model is a limited area model (mesoscale beta) and the capability to extend the prediction horizon is limited unless proper boundary conditions are provided during long simulations. In this contribution we show how AVN/MRF (NOAA) vertical numerical meteorological soundings are incorporated to the OPANA system by using JAVA technology. This new feature helps to keep the air quality model into medium power workstations and the performance is improved accordingly. This technology avoids running mesoscale models over larger areas (continental scale) to accordingly increase the forecasting temporal horizon. 相似文献