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61.
62.
Claudia M. Aguilar Jorge Vazquez-Arenas Omar O. Castillo-Araiza Julia L. Rodrguez Isaac Chairez Eric Salinas Tatiana Poznyak 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(18):22184-22194
The carbamazepine (CBZ) abatement is herein evaluated using catalytic ozonation at different NiO concentrations as catalyst: 100, 300, and 500 mg 相似文献
63.
Sangiao-Alvarellos S. Guzmán J. M. Láiz-Carrión R. Míguez J. M. del Río M. P. Martín Mancera J. M. Soengas J. L. 《Marine Biology》2005,146(3):607-617
The influence of gonadal maturation on seawater adaptability at the metabolic level was assessed in the euryhaline teleost Sparus auratus by treatment of immature fish with 17ß-estradiol (E2) followed by acclimation to different environmental salinities. Fish were injected with coconut oil alone (sham) or containing E2 (10 µg g–1 body weight) and maintained in seawater (40). After 5 days, fish from oil- and E2-implanted groups were sampled. At the same time, fish of both groups were transferred to brackish water (5, hypoosmotic test), seawater (40, transfer test), and hypersaline water (55, hyperosmotic test); 4 days after transfer (9 days post-implant) all groups were sampled. Data obtained from liver suggest that E2 treatment produced effects comparable to those already reported in literature, including decreased glycogen levels, increased glycolytic potential, and decreased gluconeogenic potential. This, together with the fact that many changes displayed in shams among salinities disappeared in E2-treated fish allow us to suggest that the response of liver carbohydrate metabolism to osmotic acclimation is exceeded by the response elicited by E2 treatment. In gills, E2 treatment produced increased lactate levels, decreased capacity for use of exogenous glucose, and decreased the potential of the pentose phosphate pathway. These findings suggest that the energy demand occurring in gills during osmotic acclimation should be increasingly fuelled by substrates other than exogenous glucose. Finally, data obtained in brain of E2-treated fish suggest a lower necessity of exogenous glucose, increased lactate levels, and decreased glycolytic potential.Communicated by S.A. Poulet, Roscoff 相似文献
64.
A two-way ANOVA experiment was designed to study the effects of salinity and dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) on lipid composition and performance of postlarvae from the marine shrimp Penaeus kerathurus (Forskål, 1775). Shrimp were reared from 1- to 8-d-old postlarvae at 35 and 25‰S with Kelko-enriched Artemia sp. [20.0 μg (n-3)?HUFA mg?1 dry weight; 9.1 μg DHA mg?1 dry weight] and nonenriched Artemia sp. [14.2 μg (n-3)?HUFA mg?1 dry weight; 0.3 μg DHA mg?1 dry weight]. Dietary DHA content did not affect either total length or survival but influenced the nutritional status represented by condition indices (triacylglycerol/total polar lipid and triacylglycerol/free cholesterol) of 8-d-old postlarvae at the end of the experiment. Culture salinity affected final total length and condition indices but did not show any effect on survival in the different experimental treatments. The interaction of dietary DHA and culture salinity was not significant for total length and survival but was significant for both condition indices used. P. kerathurus 8-d-old postlarvae showed better growth, survival and nutritional condition when reared at 35‰S and when fed on Kelko-enriched Artemia sp., but the differences with postlarvae from other treatments were very poorly marked. The results demonstrate that 8-d-old postlarvae may have sufficiently developed osmoregulatory capabilities to resist 25‰S under good conditions, although (n-3) HUFA-enriched diets may also enhance osmotic stress resistance, general performance and disease resistance. 相似文献
65.
Up to now, sediment studies have mainly used standardized aquatic bioassays with organisms of the three trophic levels. Among these, algae are the only representatives of the entire plant kingdom. Bioassays with higher plants have hardly been used for the assessment of sediments. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate that the use of higher plants in biotests for analyses of anthropogenically contaminated sediments yields valuable results, which may be included in a concept for the integrated assessment of waters. The contamination by environmental chemicals was determined in the River Elbe by means of samples taken at the Fahlberg-List industrial site at Magdeburg in combination with studies in a reference area on the Müritz-Elde Waterway (Eldenburger Kanal). Sediment extracts and pore waters were tested with the aquatic lemna test. For comparison, first sediment contact tests withLemna minor were tried out. The whole extract of the sediment from Fahlberg-List Magdeburg and one fraction F5 caused distinct damages of the plants. Obviously, the phytotoxic substances of the whole extract are preferentially concentrated in the highly polar fraction F5. A comparison with chemical analytical data proved that the whole fraction F0 and the fraction F5 were heavily contaminated with chemicals. Assays with pore water from this sediment and with the whole sediment also caused a strong inhibition of growth. These results confirm the high contamination of the sediment from Magdeburg. The tests with the reference sediment suggested only a moderate toxic contamination. The results of this study prove that the selected aquatic plant,Lemna minor, is basically able to indicate contamination. In the aquatic test of the sediment extracts, it showed weak, but very selective, responses to certain classes of contaminants. Fractionating of the sample and subsequent chemical analysis combined with toxicity tests allow to narrow down the groups of substances causing toxic effects. This toxicity was confirmed by analyses of the pore waters and whole sediment samples. Together with other toxicity tests (e.g. standardized bioassays) and combined with biological benthos examinations, an overall judgment can be given for the integrated assessment of waters. 相似文献
66.
Hawthorne L Beyer Evelyn H Merrill Nathan Varley Mark S Boyce 《Ecological applications》2007,17(6):1563-1571
Reintroduction of wolves (Canis lupus) to Yellowstone National Park in 1995-1996 has been argued to promote a trophic cascade by altering elk (Cervus elaphus) density, habitat-selection patterns, and behavior that, in turn, could lead to changes within the plant communities used by elk. We sampled two species of willow (Salix boothii and S. geyeriana) on the northern winter range to determine whether (1) there was quantitative evidence of increased willow growth following wolf reintroduction, (2) browsing by elk affected willow growth, and (3) any increase in growth observed was greater than that expected by climatic and hydrological factors alone, thereby indicating a trophic cascade caused by wolves. Using stem sectioning techniques to quantify historical growth patterns we found an approximately twofold increase in stem growth-ring area following wolf reintroduction for both species of willow. This increase could not be explained by climate and hydrological factors alone; the presence of wolves on the landscape was a significant predictor of stem growth above and beyond these abiotic factors. Growth-ring area was positively correlated with the previous year's ring area and negatively correlated with the percentage of twigs browsed from the stem during the winter preceding growth, indicating that elk browse impeded stem growth. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade on Yellowstone's northern winter range following wolf reintroduction. We suggest that the community-altering effects of wolf restoration are an endorsement of ecological-process management in Yellowstone National Park. 相似文献
67.
Identifying reproductive stocks in commercial species is relevant to fishery management strategies. We obtained muscle samples
of California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) from six localities along the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula and analyzed the genetic structure using mtDNA
RFLPs. Our results indicated that all localities shared the same major haplotypes and showed a spatial homogeneity in the
distribution of haplotype frequencies. An analysis of molecular variance indicated that only 0.84% of the genetic variability
was explained by differences among localities and was not significantly different from zero. Weak divergences were found between
Bahía Magdalena, the most southerly locality, in relation to other populations. Major oceanographic processes along this coast,
combined with a long larval period that supports passive transport among localities, are suggested to explain the results. 相似文献
68.
F. Mougeot J. Martínez-Padilla L. Pérez-Rodríguez G. R. Bortolotti 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(5):741-751
Among the most familiar sexual signals are red, yellow, and orange sexual traits pigmented by carotenoids. Many birds can
detect near-ultraviolet (UV) light, and UV signals can play key roles in mate choice. Grouse (Tetraonidae) exhibit bright
carotenoid-dependent sexual ornaments, their supra-orbital combs, which to humans appear orange-red. Combs also reflect in
the UV, which is not visible to humans but is likely to be visible to grouse. In male red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus, we show that comb UV reflectance decreases with increasing comb size and redness. By removing the epidermis of combs, where
carotenoid pigments are, we show that the UV reflectance is a property of the dermis, underneath the red pigmented epidermis.
Carotenoid pigmentation of combs acted as a mask to reduce reflectance by the dermis in the range 400–550 nm and in the UV,
300–400 nm. Patagium skin (non-ornamental skin under the wing) also reflects in the UV, but epidermis removal on this bare
part tended to reduce UV reflectance, whereas removal of the red epidermis of combs increased UV reflectance. Males in better
condition (greater body mass relative to size) had bigger and redder combs, but with less UV. Thus, carotenoid pigments of
grouse combs are deposited on a white background with significant UV reflectance, which can influence how the signal is perceived
by conspecifics. Carotenoid-based traits exhibit UV reflectance in a number of species, but how UV reflectance and carotenoid
pigmentation influence colour remains little known for integumentary ornaments compared to plumage traits. UV vision is not
uncommon in birds and other animals, so future studies should investigate how UV reflectance influences the perception of
carotenoid-based signals of quality. 相似文献
69.
The photocatalytic disinfection of urban waste waters 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Herrera Melián JA Doña Rodríguez JM Viera Suárez A Tello Rendón E Valdés do Campo C Arana J Pérez Peña J 《Chemosphere》2000,41(3):323-327
In this paper we present the results of the photocatalytic disinfection of urban waste water. Two microbial groups, total coliforms and Streptococcus faecalis, have been used as indexes to test disinfection efficiencies. Different experimental parameters have been checked, such as the effect of TiO2, solar or UV-lamp light and pH. Disinfection of water samples has been achieved employing both UV-lamp and solar light in agreement with data shown by other authors. The higher disinfection rates obtained employing an UV-lamp may be explained by the stronger incident light intensity. Nevertheless no consistent differences have been found between TiO2-photocatalysis and direct solar or UV-lamp light irradiation at natural sample pH (7.8). At pH 5 the presence of TiO2 increases the relative inactivation rate compared with the absence of the catalyst. After the photocatalytic bacterial inactivation, the later bacterial reappearance was checked for total coliforms at natural pH and pH 5, with and without TiO2. Two h after the photocatalytic treatment, CFU increment was almost nill. But 24 and 48 h later an important bacterial CFU increment was observed. This CFU increment is slower after irradiation with TiO2 at pH 5 in non-air-purged samples. 相似文献
70.
Rodríguez ME Narros GA Molleda JA 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》1995,45(3):156-160
An evaluation of the influence and degradation of ground multilayer containers, such as Tetra Brik Aseptic (TBA), in the composting process of municipal solid wastes (MSW) is presented. Two composting piles were formed by mixing, in different proportions, an organic fraction of MSW and TBA material ground as flakes or stripes. Piles were periodically aerated by mechanical mixing. Evolution of the composting was followed by frequent measurements of suitable parameters such as temperature, moisture, ashes, total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen, C/N ratio, pH, conductivity, nutrients, and heavy metals. As expected, aluminum and polyethylene films from TBA were not degraded during the processes, but the cardboard fraction of TBA showed a partial decomposition that was more intense in the material ground as flakes. After two months of curing, the composts were refined and analyzed to determine their nutrient and heavy-metals contents. Despite their poor aesthetic properties, mainly resulting from the presence of little pieces of plastic and aluminum films, the composts contained the required amounts of nutrients; furthermore, their heavy-metals content was below the limits proposed by some official European organizations. 相似文献