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601.
Alonso J. Rodríguez Benítez César Álvarez Díaz Andrés García Gómez Javier García-Alba 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2018,18(5):1227-1256
The present paper addresses defining the extent of the mixing zones of effluents discharged into rivers, which is a problem that should be analyzed based on probabilistic terms, as it is governed by several random processes. A river’s flow regime is one of the main variables, and it has a high dependence on hydrological processes. Additionally, after calculating the extent of the mixing zone, it is necessary to determine if the resulting dimensions are admissible or not. Common practice includes the admissibility criteria associated with the geometry of the river. However, this practice does not consider the environmental characteristics of the river that make it capable of absorbing the impact of the effluent (the biological and hydromorphological status of the river and the presence of structures that can change the river flow conditions, ecologically sensitive area or threatened species). This paper presents work on two important topics: on the one hand, the development of a methodology to establish the admissible extent of the mixing zone as a function of the environmental vulnerability of the river to the discharged effluent and, on the other hand, the proposal of a procedure to perform the calculations of the effluent mixing considering the variability of the river’s flow regime. The proposed methodological approaches are illustrated with an application to a real case, including a numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic and effluent evolution of the river during a year, to test the proposed methodology’s suitability and demonstrate the important savings in computational effort that can be achieved. 相似文献
602.
M. Dolores Basallote Araceli Rodríguez-Romero Manoela R. De Orte T. Ángel DelValls Inmaculada Riba 《Chemistry and Ecology》2018,34(1):1-21
Carbon capture and storage has become a new mitigation option to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The effects of the CO2-related acidification, associated with unpredictable leaks of CO2 during the operational phases were studied using the Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin-liquid-phase-assays (fertilisation and embryo-larval development tests). Besides to the direct effects of the CO2-associated pH decrease, the possible effects on marine sediment toxicity were studied by exposing the urchin larvae to elutriate of sediments with different metals concentration, which were subjected to various pH treatments. The resulted median toxic effect pH ranged from 6.33?±?0.02 and 6.91?±?0.01 for the egg fertilisation, and between 6.66?±?0.03 and 7.16?±?0.01 for the larval development assays. Concentrations of Co, Zn, As, Cu, and Fe were detected in the sediment elutriates. For all the sediment elutriates tested the amount of the dissolved Zn increased in parallel with the pH reductions. Correlated effects of acidification, biological response, and the presence of dissolved metals were observed in this work evidencing that the most important factor controlling the reduction of egg fertilisation and larval development success was the combined effects of the reduction of pH and the presence of the contaminants (mainly Zn, Co, and As). 相似文献
603.
Heavy metal distribution and chemical speciation in tailings and soils around a Pb-Zn mine in Spain 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Rodríguez L Ruiz E Alonso-Azcárate J Rincón J 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(2):1106-1116
Soil pollution by lead, zinc, cadmium and copper was characterized in the mine tailings and surrounding soils (arable and pasture lands) of an old Spanish Pb-Zn mine. Sixty soil samples were analyzed, determining the total metal concentration by acid digestion and the chemical fractionation of Pb and Zn by the modified BCR sequential extraction method. Samples belonging to mine waste areas showed the highest values, with mean concentrations of 28,453.50 mg kg(-1) for Pb, 7000.44 mg kg(-1) for Zn, 20.57 mg kg(-1) for Cd and 308.48 mg kg(-1) for Cu. High concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd were found in many of the samples taken from surrounding arable and pasture lands, indicating a certain extent of spreading of heavy metal pollution. Acidic drainage and wind transport of dust were proposed as the main effects causing the dispersion of pollution. Sequential extraction showed that most of the Pb was associated with non-residual fractions, mainly in reducible form, in all the collected samples. Zn appeared mainly associated with the acid-extractable form in mine tailing samples, while the residual form was the predominant one in samples belonging to surrounding areas. Comparison of our results with several criteria reported in the literature for risk assessment in soils polluted by heavy metals showed the need to treat the mine tailings dumped in the mine area. 相似文献
604.
Regadío M Ruiz AI de Soto IS Rastrero MR Sánchez N Gismera MJ Sevilla MT da Silva P Procopio JR Cuevas J 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(3):482-497
The long-term effectiveness of the geological barrier beneath municipal-waste landfills is a critical issue for soil and groundwater protection. This study examines natural clayey soils directly in contact with the waste deposited in three landfills over 12 years old in Spain. Several physicochemical and geological parameters were measured as a function of depth. Electrical conductivity (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), Cl−, NH4+, Na+ and exchangeable NH4+ and Na+ were used as parameters to measure the penetration of landfill leachate pollution. Mineralogy, specific surface area and cationic-exchange capacities were analyzed to characterize the materials under the landfills. A principal component analysis, combined with a Varimax rotation, was applied to the data to determine patterns of association between samples and variables not evident upon initial inspection. The main factors explaining the variation in the data are related to waste composition and local geology. Although leachates have been in contact with clays for long time periods (13-24 years), WSOC and EC fronts are attenuated at depths of 0.2-1.5 m within the clay layer. Taking into account this depth of the clayey materials, these natural substrata (>45% illite-smectite-type sheet silicates) are suitable for confining leachate pollution and for complying with European legislation. This paper outlines the relevant differences in the clayey materials of the three landfills in which a diffusive flux attenuation capacity (Ac) is defined as a function (1) of the rate of decrease of the parameters per meter of material, (2) of the age and area of the landfill and (3) of the quantity and quality of the wastes. 相似文献
605.
Mignucci-Giannoni AA Montoya-Ospina RA Jiménez-Marrero NM Rodr&íguez-López MA Williams EH Bonde RK 《Environmental management》2000,25(2):189-198
Trichechus manatus ) in Puerto Rico is mortality due to human activities. We assessed 90 cases of manatee strandings in Puerto Rico based on
historical data and a coordinated carcass salvage effort from 1990 through 1995. We determined patterns of mortality, including
type of event, condition of carcasses, spatial and temporal distribution, gender, size/age class, and the cause of death.
The spatial distribution of stranding events was not uniform, with the north, northeast, and south coasts having the highest
numbers. Six clusters representing the highest incidence included the areas of Fajardo and Ceiba, Bahía de Jobos, Toa Baja,
Guayanilla, Cabo Rojo, and Rio Grande to Luquillo. The number of reported cases has increased at an average rate of 9.6%/yr
since 1990. The seasonality of stranding events showed a bimodal pattern, from February through April and in August and September.
Most identified causes of death were due to human interaction, especially captures and watercraft collisions. Natural causes
usually involved dependent calves. From 1990 through 1995, most deaths were attributed to watercraft collisions. A reduction
in anthropogenic mortality of this endangered species can be accomplished only through education and a proactive management
and conservation plan that includes law enforcement, mortality assessment, scientific research, rescue and rehabilitation,
and inter- and intraagency cooperation. 相似文献
606.
Evaluation of HCH isomers and metabolites in soils, leachates, river water and sediments of a highly contaminated area 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Concha-Graña E Turnes-Carou MI Muniategui-Lorenzo S López-Mahía P Prada-Rodríguez D Fernández-Fernández E 《Chemosphere》2006,64(4):588-595
In this work we evaluate the contamination caused by HCH residues in the soil, leachates, river water and sediments of an industrial estate of the NW of Spain. We study the distribution of the isomers in the different matrices, analysing 37 soil samples, collected in eight points at several depths, six natural leachates, four river water samples and three river sediments. Soil and leachate samples present very high levels of HCH isomers, higher than the established by legislation, and some pesticides were also detected in the analysed river water whereas no pesticides were detected in the river sediments. The distribution of isomers was different depending on the matrix analysed. Some natural degradation products and also other organochlorine pesticides were detected in the samples analysed. 相似文献
607.
Jonathan M. P. Torres Kalina Bermúdez Marmolejo-Rodríguez Ana Judith López Eugenia López 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):61547-61549
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献
608.
Caly Luisa F. Rodríguez Diana C. Peñuela Gustavo A. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(35):52775-52787
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Anthropogenic pollution and global climate change have resulted in favorable environmental conditions for increased frequency and duration of... 相似文献
609.
Palma-Goyes Ricardo E. Sosa-Rodríguez Fabiola S. Rivera Fernando F. Vazquez-Arenas Jorge 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(28):42201-42214
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study is to propose a continuous physicochemical model accounting for the active chlorine production used to degrade recalcitrant... 相似文献