Transverse approach between real world concentrations of SO2, NO2, BTEX, aldehyde emissions and corrosion in the Grand Mare tunnel

With regard to automotive traffic, a tunnel-type semi enclosed atmosphere is characterized by a higher concentration of gaseous pollutants than on urban traffic roads and highlights the gaseous effluent species having an impact on material degradation. Therefore, a transverse approach between air quality and its consequences upon the longevity of materials is necessary, implying better knowledge of tunnel atmosphere and a better understanding of material degradation inside a tunnel for operating administration. Gaseous pollutant measurements carried out in a road tunnel in Rouen (Normandy) give the real world traffic concentrations of experimental exposure conditions. The sampling campaigns, achieved in summer and winter include SO₂, NO₂, BTEX and aldehyde analyses. Effluent profiles in the upward and downward tubes have been established. The current work shows that SO₂, NO₂, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal and butanal must be considered in the degradation process of materials in a stuffy environment. As regards NO₂, its concentration depends on the modification of the automotive fleet. The total aldehyde concentrations indicate no particular trend between the two bores. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal and acrolein species are the most abundant species emitted by vehicles and represent 90% to 95% of the total aldehyde emissions.     

藻类和水生微生物对农药的降解

人们认识到,在环境中的农药及其它生物体化学异物的降解与最终消除的过程中,微生物是一种最重要的因素。这一结论已经由近二十年来刊登的许多资料所证实。人们还清楚地了解到,微生物对生物体化学异物的代谢作用主要是通过氧化、水解、还原和异构化过程来实现的。     

大洋转换断层的速度极限

沿着海底扩张速度为145～160km/Ma的东太平洋海隆,现在没有滑动速度超过～145km/Ma的大洋转换断层存在,而微板块、扩展裂谷或叠加扩张中心的发育,为扩张很快的东太平洋海隆发生断错提供了条件。这表明可能有一个速度极限,超过这个速度极限就不会出现转换断层。出现这个速度极限的物理原因尚未弄清楚,但据认为可能与裂谷两端附近的不稳定应力场有关,该不稳定应力场使裂谷两端发生幕式扩展,从而阻障了转换断层的形成。本文所引用的扩张速度来自我们提出的关于太平洋板块和纳斯卡板块的新的(0～0.73Ma)相对运动模式。     

阿根廷门多萨省宾塔达山矿区砂岩型铀矿床的成因:穆斯鲍尔谱研究

<正> 对宾塔达山矿区科奇科群(二迭(?)三迭系)中砂岩型铀矿床的成因进行了研究。这个矿区是阿根廷最重要的铀矿区。文内讨论了铀源、铀的搬运及沉淀等问题。晶质铀矿和钛铀矿是主要铀矿物,它们都产在砂岩的基质内。可以根据一些现象推断出沉积环境。在有氧的地方,有水合的铁氧化物沉淀;γ-Fe_2O_3·nH_2O 种属(已     

洋中脊玄武岩的成因(下)

<正> Miyashiro 等(1969b)提供的资料在很大程度上消除了早先的一种观点,即洋脊玄武岩一般成分是均一的。后来的研究趋向于集中探讨能够解释 MORB 群体中化学成分差异性的成因模型问题。无疑最受支持的模型是富 Mg 的 MORB 熔体的低压分离结晶作用。但     

地质样品中气体的释放和分析

<正> 固体物质中气体的分析,大都集中在通过加热或酸溶解来释放气体方而。但这两种方法提供的气体的总含量,没有区分样品中气体的不同形式。加热法受到热解产物的干扰,酸溶解可以因某些反应生成气体产物。 我们研制的装置,可以压碎的样品量为5—1000毫克,并可以对样品中的气体作定性和定量分析。该装置既不吸附所释放的任何气体,也不产生足以干扰分析结果的气体。     

花岗岩浆的新问题

引言 温克勒等(1975和1977)测定了在5和7千巴水压下SiO_2-NaAlSi_3O_8-KAlSi_3O_8-CaAl_2Si_2O_8-H_2O体系内三个等压共结面和等压共结线上的等温线。他们指出,作为花岗岩和花岗闪长岩主要组分的石英、碱性长石和斜长石的结晶历史,可由QZ-Ab-Or-     

Monoterpenes and microbial metabolites in the soil

Volatile microbial metabolites were analysed in the soil beneath 15 H year-old Picea abies which had been fumigated for 5 consecutive years with charcoal-filtered air enriched with ozone and sulphur dioxide. Major compounds which could be attributed to the metabolism of basidiomycete fungi were oct-1-en-3-ol, oct-1-en-3-one and 1,3-octadiene. They were accompanied by other C(8)-compounds. The lower amounts of C(8)-compounds observed in the soil of the sulphur dioxide and ozone treatment chambers indicate a reduced development of basidiomycetes. The higher amounts of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol found in the soil of the ozone treatment chamber indicate an increase in actinomycete populations. The differences of the monoterpene patterns in the particular soils were not large enough to recognize trends unequivocally.     

The mental health of expatriate and Kosovar Albanian humanitarian aid workers

The mental health consequences of exposure to traumatic events and the risk factors for psychological morbidity among expatriate and Kosovar Albanian humanitarian aid workers have not been well studied. In June 2000, we used standardised screening tools to survey 285 (69.5%) of 410 expatriate aid workers and 325 (75.8%) of 429 Kosovar Albanian aid workers from 22 humanitarian organizations that were implementing health programmes in Kosovo. The mean number of trauma events experienced by expatriates was 2.8 (standard deviation: 2.7) and by Kosovar staff 3.2 (standard deviation: 2.8). Although only 1.1% of expatriate and 6.2% of Kosovar aid workers reported symptoms consistent with the diagnosis for post-traumatic stress disorder, 17.2% and 16.9%, respectively, reported symptoms satisfying the definition of depression. Regression analysis demonstrated that the number of trauma events experienced was significantly associated with depression for the two sets of workers. Organisational support services may be an important mediating factor and should be targeted at both groups.     

Joint chemical flushing of soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons

How to increase the efficiency of chemical flushing and decrease the remediation expenses of contaminated soils are two key scientific and technological issues to be solved. Joint chemical flushing was tested and compared with the water-flushing. The joint acid-flushing could effectively remove petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated aquorizem and the dosage of washing powder as a flushing agent was greatly reduced, thereby, saving approximately 1200 US dollars of expenses relative to the water-flushing. The joint salt-flushing could be an optimal method for the cleanup of meadow burozem contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons under the experimental conditions. Moreover, the amount of surfactant remained in the two washed soils after the joint acid-flushing and the joint-salt-flushing was minimal.