格栅类通透性吊顶对水喷淋控火性能影响的实验研究

通过实验研究了格栅类通透性吊顶对水喷淋控火性能的影响,并利用燃料燃尽时间来计算控火有效性因子来量化这种影响.研究结果表明:格栅会降低水喷淋控火性能,与格栅类吊顶形式、喷头安装高度和工作压力流量有关.在确定的吊顶形式和尺寸下,存在着对控火性能影响最大的喷头安装高度.在实际工程应用中应根据具体格栅特性,合理设计喷头安装高度,以降低格栅的不利影响,保证水喷淋的控火有效性.     

Long range trans-Pacific transport and deposition of Asian dust aerosols

The deposition of Asian dust aerosols during their trails-Pacific Uansport might cause significant marine phytoplankton biomass increases.However,the knowledge of the trans-Pacific dust transport,deposition,and spatial distribution is still poor due to a lack of continuous and simultaneous observations in the Asian subcontinent,the north Pacific Ocean,and North America.The severe Asian dust storm during 6 to 9 April 2001 provided an opportunity to gain a better understanding of trans-Pacific dust transport and deposition,using a comprehensive set of observations from satellites,ground-based light detection and ranging,aircraft,and surface observation networks.The observations and model simulations outline the general pattern of dust transport,deposition,vertical profile,and spatial distribution.The following points were observed(1)the surface dust concentrations decreased exponentially with the increasing dust transport distance from 80°E to 120°W along the transport pathway;(2)the altitude of the dust concentration peak increased with increasing transport distance in the north Pacific region;and (3) the spatial distribution of dust deposition mainly depended on the trans-Pacific transport route.     

Na型粉末树脂回收废水中低浓度氨氮

为探究Na型粉末树脂回收废水中低浓度氨氮的可行性,分别采用静态摇瓶与动态树脂柱方法进行实验研究。结果表明:预处理仅使粉末树脂吸附氨氮的能力降低了5%;在中性与酸性条件下,Na型粉末树脂对低浓度氨氮去除率均可达到99%;每增加2 g·L~(-1)树脂投加量,氨氮去除率会提高20%,但吸附容量下降2.85 mg·g~(-1);钙镁离子的存在会降低Na型粉末树脂对氨氮的吸附容量,最大降低量为3.5 mg·g~(-1);由于钾离子与氨氮为同价离子,其影响不显著。Na型粉末树脂对氨氮的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线,吸附过程符合准二级动力学。根据实验结果,Na型粉末树脂静态运行方式适用于低浓度氨氮的回收,但动态运行方式下粉末树脂达到吸附饱和时间更短,因此,需要对运行方式进一步研究。     

生态修复后海三棱藨草湿地底栖生物多样性的年度变化及影响因子

如何确定湿地生态修复过程中底栖生物群落结构的变化及其影响因子对湿地生态系统操纵及生态修复效果有重要意义。研究以南汇东滩海三棱藨草湿地为对象,研究底栖生物群落结构的年度季节变化及空间格局。共鉴定大型底栖动物30种,四季都存在的优势种有光滑狭口螺、拟沼螺、堇拟沼螺和中国绿螂。春季以中国绿螂为主要物种,优势度大于0.4;夏季以拟沼螺和堇拟沼螺为主,优势度分别大于0.1和0.2;秋冬季优势种数目比春夏季高,均为13种,但优势种值较春夏季为低,且均匀。多样性、丰富度指数(p0.01)及均一性指数(p0.05)在空间上均具有显著性差异,其中多样性指数最高到达2.53。根据近岸海域环境监测规范(HJ442-2008),南汇东滩湿地生境质量从极差、差改善成等级一般,生境质量提高明显。底栖生物群落结构影响因素的排序分析表明,春夏秋三季大型底栖动物群落结构特征与植被指数及高程相关,其次是有机碳、含水率、导电率和硝氮,而冬季大型底栖动物群落结构特征受含水率、导电率和硝氮的影响最大。     

企业环境行为:环境政策研究的微观视角

企业环境行为是是企业面对来自政府、公众、市场等方面的压力．而采取的宏观战略和制度变革、内部具体生产的调整等措施和手段．是环境政策效果的具体体现。政府、公众和市场压力在不同阶段发挥着不同的作用。在工业绿色化的初级阶段以政府压力为主。随着公众和企业更多地参与到环保行动中来．来自市场及社区的压力逐渐成为企业环境行为的主导驱动力量。我国正处于工业化加速阶段．环境问题突出．必须积极开展对企业环境行为的研究，探求环境压力与企业环境行为转变的内在关系．找到促进企业改善环境行为和表现的最优方式，为我国环境政策的制定提供决策支持。     

传统产业生态化模式研究及应用

论述了产业生态化的内涵及其国内外研究现状。依据产业经济、环境和社会效益最大化的目标。提出了实现传统产业生态化转型的理论模式。在此基础上以江苏省造纸业为例。提出了实现江苏省造纸业生态化的具体模式。     

Role of interaction between selenium and organic matters on causes of Kaschin-Beck disease

Influences of organic matters of soil and water on speciation and biological utilization of selenium are discussed. Humic acid is found to be the main pool of selenium in soil and affects the bio-availability of the element in soil-plant system. Fulvic acid from drinking water inhibits the absorption of selenium taken from diet. The relationship between high content of organic matters of water and selenium deficiency on the causes of KBD could be reflected in the limited synthesis of glutathione peroxidase, which is generally stimulated by fulvic acid from drinking water.     

区域环境风险评价与应急预案编制方法探索

区域环境风险评价是环境影响评价领域的一个新课题.20世纪80年代以来,发达国家就将环境风险评价纳入环境管理的范畴,单个项目环境风险评价现已成为可能发生事故风险的建设项目环境影响评价中,重要而不可缺少的组成部分.由于氟化工行业的许多产品、副产品和原料都属于易燃、易爆或有毒的危险品,故对氟化工项目,其潜在风险事故发生的可能性及其影响后果在环境风险评价中均应得到反映.在此,以江苏省高科技氟化工园为例,将环境风险评价与应急救援预案相结合,探索区域环境风险评价与应急预案的编制方法,阐述环境风险应急预案在区域环境管理中的必要性和可行性.     

Studies on catalytic reduction of nitrate in groundwater

Catalytic reduction of nitrate in groundwater by sodium formate over the catalyst was investigated. Pd-Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared by impregnation and characterized by brunauer-emmett-teller (BET), inductive coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). It was found that total nitrogen was effectively removed from the nitrate solution (100 mg/L) and the removal efficiency was 87%. The catalytic activity was affected by pH, catalyst amount used, concentration of sodium formate, and initial concentration of nitrate. As sodium formate was used as reductant, precise control in the initial pH was needed. Excessively high or low initial pH (7.0 or 3.0) reduced catalytic activity. At initial pH of 4.5, catalytic activity was enhanced by reducing the amount of catalyst, while concentrations of sodium formate increased with a considerable decrease in N₂ selectivity. In which case, catalytic reduction followed the first order kinetics. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(4): 567–571 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Environmental characteristics of sandstorm in Minqin Oasis in China for Recent 50 years

IntroductionAsandstormis a kind of severe weather phenomenawhere strong winds blowa huge amount of sand and dust intothe air ,reducing the horizontal visibility to less than 1 km( Wang, 2003a) . It is not only an important process ofaccelerating land dese…