磁性Fe3O4/石墨烯异质结固定漆酶特性及其对水中双酚A的降解研究

以磁性石墨烯为载体制备了磁性石墨烯固定化漆酶,考察了固定化漆酶的酶学特性及其对双酚A（BPA）的降解效能。结果表明,氧化石墨烯的比表面积高达726.34 m2·g-1,与游离漆酶相比,经过石墨烯固定化后漆酶对酸的适应能力、耐热性和贮存稳定性均有所提高,pH值2.0~4.0范围内固定化漆酶活性较为稳定;加入变性剂尿素（1 mol·L-1）后,固定化漆酶的相对活性为87%,游离漆酶相对活性仅为63.02%,固定化导致抗变性剂能力增强。固定化漆酶和游离漆酶活性分别在45和40℃时达到最大值。与游离漆酶相比,固定化漆酶最佳反应温度升高了5℃,且在50℃时,固定化漆酶的相对活性依然保持在95.11%;25℃,pH值4.0条件下保存10 d,固定化漆酶活性为最初活性的82.57%;固定化漆酶具有良好的重复利用性,重复利用10次后,漆酶活性仍为最初活性的82.01%。固定化酶的米氏常数Km为5.38×10-4 mol·L-1,较游离酶的大,说明固定化酶与底物的亲和力比游离酶小。磁性石墨烯固定化漆酶具有良好的吸附能力,可吸附-催化氧化水中的 BPA,且石墨烯良好的吸附作用促进了催化反应,水中BPA质量浓度为15 mg·L-1时,经过18 h反应,BPA的去除率能达到82.14%左右。本研究的结果为石墨烯新型材料固定化漆酶及其应用提供了参考。     

基于Hurst模型的庐山自然保护区植被覆盖优势及其可持续性分析

基于RS、GIS平台,利用1999-2007年间SPOT VEGETATION NDVI数据、同期土地覆盖类型数据、Landsat8 OLI TIRS数据等,通过与江西省整体情况对比,应用Hurst模型分析庐山自然保护区植被覆盖优势及其可持续性,为自然保护区的开发整治提供科学依据。研究结果表明:9年来庐山自然保护区保护措施基本到位,植被覆盖的累计优势明显;年内植被覆盖变化呈"四谷三峰"形态,季节性特征突出,保护力度与效果明显大于江西省整体水平;同时优势保持趋势亦十分显著,保护区森林生态系统的复杂性、稳定性、多样性有望进一步提高。     

不同菌群对黄姜废渣厌氧消化产沼气的性质研究

该研究以探索不同菌群对黄姜废渣厌氧消化产沼气的性质为目的,分别以酵母废水活性污泥和实验室驯化的秸秆分解产甲烷菌群为产沼气菌源进行发酵,通过监测厌氧发酵过程中的甲烷生产效率、纤维素酶活性等指标,评价黄姜废渣厌氧发酵产甲烷的能力,同时考察纤维素分解菌群WDC2的加入对黄姜废渣产沼气的影响。该研究对有效处理黄姜皂素生产废渣、促进区域环境安全具有重要意义。结果表明:黄姜废渣在产甲烷菌群的作用下均能生成大量沼气,最高日产气量为可达到2 701 m L/d,最大产气效率为855 m L/g。酵母废水活性污泥产气效率明显优于秸秆分解产甲烷菌群。加入WDC2菌群能显著提高厌氧消化的前期纤维素酶活力,最高酶活分别为达到1.22 U/m L和9.42 U/m L,但WDC2的加入并没有对发酵体系的产甲烷效率产生明显的促进作用。     

浙江宁波城区土壤环境汞含量研究

以宁波市土壤中的汞含量为研究对象,主要研究不同环境对土壤中汞含量的影响。通过对宁波城区不同区域的土壤进行取样、检测和数据处理及分析,分别得出不同区域土壤中汞含量并绘出汞含量分布图。通过比较汞含量的分布差异并结合测点周围地理环境分析土壤中汞含量的分布特性。     

保护层分析在化工园区重大危险源事故风险分析中的应用

保护层分析(LOPA)在化工工艺和装置安全措施的有效性评价方面具有独特的优势,已经在石化行业得到广泛应用.借鉴化工工艺保护层分析理论的思想,以化工园区重大危险源或企业作为分析对象,将化工园区的保护层分为6个层次,建立了化工园区保护层分析方法,并将只针对单个工艺或装置的安全措施有效性评估方法扩展为整个化工园区;运用化工园区保护层分析法对化工园区内企业或重大危险源进行事故场景风险分析,通过计算失效概率来评估保护层的风险防控能力,并针对防控能力不足的保护层采取有针对性的措施,以提高化工园区安全措施的有效性.     

液相色谱质谱法测定水体及土壤中的类固醇激素

建立了水体和土壤中类固醇激素的液相色谱质谱分析方法。水样采用固相萃取方法富集,土壤样经加速溶剂萃取后由固相萃取净化和富集。处理好的样品经丹磺酰衍生化后上仪器分析。结果表明,类固醇激素在水体和土壤中的检出限分别为0.01~0.6ng/L和0.01~0.19ng/g,回收率分别为77%~97%和62%~119%,RSD小于6.04%和15.5%。该方法具有较高的准确度和精密度,适用于环境水体及土壤中类固醇激素残留的分析。     

Interactive response of photosynthetic characteristics in Haloxylon ammodendron and Hedysarum scoparium exposed to soil water and air vapor pressure deficits

C₄ plants possess better drought tolerance than C₃ plants. However, Hedysarum scoparium, a C₃ species, is dominant and widely distributed in the desert areas of northwestern China due to its strong drought tolerance. This study compared it with Haloxylon ammodendron, a C₄ species, regarding the interactive effects of drought stress and different leaf–air vapor pressure deficits. Variables of interest included gas exchange, the activity levels of key C₄ photosynthetic enzymes, and cellular anatomy. In both species, gas exchange parameters were more sensitive to high vapor pressure deficit than to strong water stress, and the net CO₂ assimilation rate (A_n) was enhanced as vapor pressure deficits increased. A close relationship between A_n and stomatal conductance (g_s) suggested that the species shared a similar response mechanism. In H. ammodendron, the activity levels of key C₄ enzymes were higher, including those of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-malate enzyme (NADP-ME), whereas in H. scoparium, the activity level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-malate enzyme (NAD-ME) was higher. Meanwhile, H. scoparium utilized adaptive structural features, including a larger relative vessel area and a shorter distance from vein to stomata, which facilitated the movement of water. These findings implied that some C₄ biochemical pathways were present in H. scoparium to respond to environmental challenges.     

Toward rational design of amines for CO2 capture: Substituent effect on kinetic process for the reaction of monoethanolamine with CO2

Amines have been considered as promising candidates for post-combustion CO₂ capture. A mechanistic understanding for the chemical processes involved in the capture and release of CO₂ is important for the rational design of amines. In this study, the structural effects of amines on the kinetic competition among three typical products (carbamates, carbamic acids and bicarbonate) from amines + CO₂ were investigated, in contrast to previous thermodynamic studies to tune the reaction of amines with CO₂ based on desirable reaction enthalpy and reaction stoichiometry. We used a quantum chemical method to calculate the activation energies (E_a) for the reactions of a range of substituted monoethanolamines with CO₂ covering three pathways to the three products. The results indicate that the formation of carbamates is the most favorable, among the three considered products. In addition, we found that the E_a values for all pathways linearly correlate with pK_a of amines, and more importantly, the kinetic competition between carbamate and bicarbonate absorption pathways varies with pK_a of the amines, i.e. stronger basicity results in less difference in E_a. These results highlight the importance of the consideration of kinetic competition among different reaction pathways in amine design.     

Abatement of SO2-NOx binary gas mixtures using a ferruginous active absorbent: Part I. Synergistic effects and mechanism

A novel ferruginous active absorbent, prepared by fly ash, industrial lime and the additive Fe(VI), was introduced for synchronous abatement of binary mixtures of SO2–NOx from simulated coal-fired flue gas. The synergistic action of various factors on the absorption of SO2 and NOx was investigated. The results show that a strong synergistic effect exists between Fe(VI) dose and reaction temperature for the desulfurization. It was observed that in the denitration process, the synergy of Fe(VI) dose and Ca/(S + N) had the most significant impact on the removal of NO, followed by the synergy of Fe(VI) and reaction temperature, and then the synergy of reaction temperature and flue gas humidity. A scanning electron microscope(SEM) and an accessory X-ray energy spectrometer(EDS)were used to observe the surface characteristics of the raw and spent absorbent as well as fly ash. A reaction mechanism was proposed based on chemical analysis of sulfur and nitrogen species concentrations in the spent absorbent. The Gibbs free energy, equilibrium constants and partial pressures of the SO2–NOx binary system were determined by thermodynamics.     

基于模糊综合评价法的污水处理行业绩效评价研究

为弥补污水处理行业绩效评价方法的空白,从污水处理行业发展模型出发,构建了污水处理行业绩效评价指标体系,包含行业发展外部环境和行业现状与效益两个指标体系,采用层次分析法确定了指标权重,采用模糊综合评价法对2009年-2011年国内污水处理行业开展了绩效评价研究.评价结果表明,2009年-2011年期间,污水处理行业绩效越来越好,但仍有发展的空间,为进一步提高行业绩效,未来应在加大污染治理投资、做好污水处理设施与城镇建设的同步发展、加大技术研发投入等方面采用强有力的措施.