多金属氧酸盐非均相光催化降解处理有机废水的研究进展

非均相光催化氧化是一种催化剂易于回收利用且研究广泛的高级氧化技术。本文综述了多金属氧酸盐(POMs)非均相光催化降解废水中有机污染物的研究现状。该类非均相光催化剂主要包括负载型POMs(载体主要有半导体氧化物、离子交换树脂和分子筛)、POMs复合膜材料、不溶性盐和多元复合物。讨论了其制备方法、降解效果、反应机理和重复使用性。最后,指出了该领域未来可能的研究方向,为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。     

Performance of Gd-doped Ti-based Sb-SnO2 anodes for electrochemical destruction of phenol

The performance of electrodes for the electro-catalytic decomposition of a model pollutant (phenol) was enhanced using Gd-doped Ti/SnO(2)-Sb electrodes prepared by a thermal deposition method. Phenol degradation followed first-order rate kinetics, with the maximum rate achieved using a 2% Gd doping level (molar ratio based on Gd:Sn) for tests conducted over a doping range of 1-10%. The first-order rate constant with 2% Gd was 0.044 min(-1), versus 0.026 min(-1) obtained with the control (plain Ti/SnO(2)-Sb). TOC removal and UV scans revealed that different intermediates were produced for different Gd contents, and that destruction efficiencies of these intermediates also varied with Gd doping levels of 1-5%. Electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray photon-electron spectroscopy. It is suggested that the state of specific active sites on the electrode surface and the oxygen transfer activity at the electrode/electrolyte interface affect the performance of anodes with different compositions.     

伪装涂料抗老化技术研究

从理论上分析了涂料的老化机理．介绍了伪装涂料抗老化技术的研究现状及高耐候性伪装涂料的最新进展,指出了伪装涂料抗老化技术的发展趋势。     

关于铁路运输企业一线员工实施岗位轮换制的构想

从分析铁路目前施行的固定的岗位责任制弊端入手,以大型的客货运车站为例,提出了对铁路运输企业一线员工进行岗位轮换制改革的构想,并对该制度发挥的作用,实现形式、具体操作程序、以及实施过程中可能出现的问题进行了探究,有一定的指导和现实意义.图3,参3.     

广州市莲塘村风水林群落特征及植物多样性

风水林是极具南方地域特色的植被景观与物种储存库,是接近地带性植被特性的一种群落类型.研究风水林,对丰富和发展环境科学、生态科学、林业科学和园林科学,具有重要意义.本研究在广州市莲塘村村后风水林设立了样带、标准地和样方,对其乔木层、灌木层和草本层植物进行详细调查,结果表明,该区共有植物73种,隶属于33个科57个属.其植物种类丰富,以茜草科、樟科、大戟科、壳斗科、莎草科、桃金娘科植物占优势.该群落具有南亚热带常绿阔叶林群落的典型群落结构,垂直结构分层现象明显,层次清晰.文章对树种丰富度、Shannon-Winner指数、Simpson多样性指数、种间相遇机率以及均匀度等多样性指标的研究表明:该群落具有较大的物种丰富度,植物多样性较高,物种分布均匀,不同种之间相遇几率较大,其生物多样性各项指标远远大于尾叶桉人工纯林.该风水林群落是目前广州市保存较完好的具有典型地带特色的少数自然林之一,它的研究成果对以后生态公益林造林有极大的参考价值.     

共凝聚气浮反应器的设计及应用

根据气泡与絮体的粘附理论和紊流气浮理论,设计了共凝聚气浮反应器的试验装置,并通过对洗衣废水进行试验,确定运行参数,考察设备性能,对设备进行改进．混凝剂与原水在输水管线中混合,混凝过程在气浮反应池中进行．溶气水释放的微气泡在微絮体的空隙内释放长大,与微絮体形成共聚复合体,在上浮过程中起到了“核”的作用,提高了絮体的上浮速度,使气浮达到了最优的去除效果．该设备采用了气液混合泵溶气,取代了传统气浮装置中的空压机、溶气罐和释放器,减小了占地面积,节省了投资费用．     

玻纤/PPS、PTFE复合水刺滤料的研发

玻纤/PPS、PTFE复合水刺滤料突破了传统针刺产品的性能局限性,利用水刺动能开纤,使纤维原纤化,同时增加滤料的抱合度,使产品具有立体三维容尘梯次结构,有效解决过滤效率和阻力之间的矛盾,替代覆膜滤料适应PM2.5的排放标准。     

Growth characteristics of algae during early stages of phytoplankton bloom in Lake Taihu, China

Three treatments, sediment plus lake water (S+W), sterilized sediment plus lake water (SS+W), and sediment plus filtered lake water (S+FW), were recruited to investigate the growth characteristics of algae during pre-bloom and the importance of algal inocula in the water column and sediment. The results showed that in the water column, biomass of all algae increased in all treatments when recruitment was initiated, whereas this tendency differed among treatments with further increment of temperature. The process of algal growth consisted of two stages: Stage I, the onset of recruitment and Stage II, the subsequent growth of algae. Compared with S+W, in Stage I, SS+W significantly increased the biomass of cyanophytes by 178.70%, and decreased the biomass of non-cyanophytes by 43.40%; In Stage II, SS+W notably stimulated the growth of all algae, thus incurring the occurrence of phytoplankton bloom. Further analyses revealed that both metabolic activity and photochemical activity of algae were enhanced in SS+W, which resulted from the releasing of nutrients from sediment. These results suggest that algal growth in Stage II and algal inocula in the water column can be important factors for the formation of phytoplankton bloom. In addition, possible mechanisms promoting algal recruitment and subsequent growth of algae were explored.     

活性炭基脱硫剂的制备及性能研究

为考察活性炭（AC）脱硫剂对H2S吸附去除性能的影响,以活性炭为载体,采用浸渍法制备负载氢氧化钠（NaOH）和铜酞菁（CuPc）的活性炭基脱硫剂。实验得到各对照组AC的H2S穿透时间和饱和硫容的变化规律。结果显示,负载质量分数为0.025%~0.250%的CuPc可以在一定程度上提高活性炭的穿透硫容,但饱和硫容与空白组相比没有明显差异;负载质量分数为10%的NaOH,活性炭的穿透时间为180 min,饱和硫容达到789.7 mg/g,比空白组提高了60%;负载10%的NaOH和0.250%的CuPc,AC的穿透时间为230 min,饱和硫容为730.0 mg/g,比单独负载10%的NaOH穿透时间提高20%。     

Determining the origin and fate of nitrate in the Nanyang Basin,Central China,using environmental isotopes and the Bayesian mixing model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Identifying sources of nitrate contamination has been a long-term challenge in areas with different land uses. We investigated the biogeochemical...