酸沉降影响下重庆马尾松林的健康监测及调控技术研究

酸沉降影响下重庆马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林的衰退一直受到研究者的重视,并取得一定成果,但森林健康监测和调控技术等方面的研究还很少。以重庆铁山坪马尾松纯林为研究对象,采用欧洲叶量损失率的划分标准,选择叶量损失率为0～20%、20%～40%、40%～60%和60%～99%的优势木,分析其树冠下的土壤化学性质及针叶元素含量;采用随机区组设计,设立在土壤表面撒施石灰石粉0(不撒施石灰石粉,对照)、1、2、3和4t·hm-25个处理,探讨不同石灰石粉剂量处理对优势木针叶元素含量和生长的影响。结果表明:不同叶量损失率的马尾松优势木树冠下的土壤化学性质基本相似,0～60cm土层的pH平均值在3.59～3.80,盐基饱和度平均值低于10%,土壤严重酸化,随叶量损失率的增加,一年生针叶内K、Na、Ca、Mg、Al、P、S、N等元素含量并无明显差异。针叶内P缺乏是营养限制因子。撒施石灰石粉165d后,1、2、3t·hm-2处理的优势木一年生针叶中P、Mg含量增加,增幅以2t·hm-2处理最高,比对照分别增加30.26%和12.65%;所有撒施石灰石粉处理的N含量增加,Ca含量有增有减,变化规律不明显。撒施石灰石粉一年后,各处理优势木的树高和胸径生长量增加,针叶损失率下降,主轴顶梢长度和一年生针叶长度增加。短期内从一年生针叶中P、Mg含量及林木生长和健康情况变化综合来看,石灰石粉一次撒施量以2t·hm-2效果最佳。     

栀子中京尼平甙对CCl4急性小鼠肝损伤保护作用的生化机理研究

预先给小鼠灌胃不同剂量的京尼平甙后,以四氯化碳造模,通过测定小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天氡氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)以及肝脏内GSH的含量并制作组织病理切片,研究了京尼平甙对四氯化碳肝损伤小鼠的保护作用,结果表明,京尼平甙能抑制四氯化碳肝中毒小鼠血清中ALT和AST的活性以及增加肝脏内GSH的含量.然后研究了京尼平甙对正常小鼠肝微粒体内细胞色素P4502E1和细胞色素P4503A活性的影响以及肝脏内谷胱甘肽(GSH)系统的影响,表明京尼平甙对正常小鼠肝微粒体内CYP4502E1具有明显的抑制作用,并能增强肝脏内谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)以及谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性.以上3个酶与自由基形成以及清除有关.图1表3参16     

细粒酒精模型冰的特征长度和变形模量

描述了细粒酒精模型冰特征长放和变形模量的测试理论基础和方法，给出了实际测量结果并该对方法存在的问题进行了讨论。简述了试验过程中发生蠕变的事实并给出最佳试验的砝码质量和试验国外还给出了特征长度，变形模量与冰密度和未冻液体含量的试验关系。     

塔玛亚历山大藻对鲈鱼幼鱼毒性效应研究

塔玛亚历山大藻（Alexandrium tamarense)(ATHK)藻液能对鲈鱼（Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼（2．5cm）的存活有明显的影响，96h的半致死浓度为4000cells/mL。根据该藻PSP产毒量37．48fmol/cell（毒性为11pg(STX eq)/cell）计算，鲈鱼幼鱼的96h半致死藻毒素浓度相当于149．92fmol/L（毒性为44pg（STX eq)/L）。通过对塔玛亚历山大藻藻液各组分（都相当于8000cells/mL）：藻细胞悬浮液、去藻过滤液、细胞内容物以及细胞碎片的毒性大小比较研究，发现藻细胞的毒性作用很强，与藻液相近，细胞内容物也有显著影响，其他组分无显著的毒性作用，结果表明幼鱼摄入PS旨幼鱼致死的原因。较大的幼鱼（12cm）对有毒藻不敏感，暴露在1000cells/mL 10d后，存活率为100％。探讨了塔玛亚历山大藻的致毒机制和途径。     

Resourceful ecological treatment of wastewater in urban ecosystem

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提高工程预算实训课教学效果的探索

本文是对我校提高建筑工程预算实训效果的思索,总结了我校正在实施的预算实训应注意的问题,重点介绍了学生在实习过程中的不良表现及应采取的改正措施,思考探索提高预算实训效果的途径,以期不断总结,逐步完善,提高实训效果,达到实训目的。     

How does the social context fuel the proactive fire? A multilevel review and theoretical synthesis

The role of social context (e.g., leadership, team climate, and organizational support) in shaping employee proactive behavior has received considerable attention and has been investigated across multiple forms of proactive behavior. However, the research has not been well integrated. In this review, we adopt a multilevel approach to synthesize what is known about how social context factors influence employees' proactive behavior, as well as what mechanisms underpin these effects. Our analyses show that leader‐, team‐, and organization‐related social context factors mainly influence employee proactivity through shaping “reason to,” “can do,” and “energized to” states (i.e., proactive motivational states) via individual‐, team‐, and cross‐level processes. That has been most frequently investigated is the effect of the discretionary social context, particularly leadership, on proactive behavior. We also review the interaction effects between social context factors and other factors on employee proactive behavior and found inconsistent support for the motivational‐fit perspective that stimuli with the same directions enhance each other's effect. We offer a research agenda to advance theoretical insights on this important topic.     

Comparison of surface water chemistry and weathering effects of two lake basins in the Changtang Nature Reserve, China

The geochemistry of natural waters in the Changtang Nature Reserve,northern Tibet,can help us understand the geology of catchments,and provide additional insight in surface processes that influence water chemistry such as rock weathering on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.However,severe natural conditions are responsible for a lack of scientific data for this area.This study represents the first investigation of the chemical composition of surface waters and weathering effects in two lake basins in the reserve(Lake Dogaicoring Qiangco and Lake Longwei Co).The results indicate that total dissolved solids(TDS)in the two lakes are significantly higher than in other gauged lakes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,reaching 20–40 g/L,and that TDS of the tectonic lake(Lake Dogaicoring Qiangco)is significantly higher than that of the barrier lake(Lake Longwei Co).Na+and Cl-are the dominant ions in the lake waters as well as in the glacier-fed lake inflows,with chemical compositions mainly affected by halite weathering.In contrast,ion contents of inflowing rivers fed by nearby runoff are lower and concentrations of dominant ions are not significant.Evaporite,silicate,and carbonate weathering has relatively equal effects on these rivers.Due to their limited scope,small streams near the lakes are less affected by carbonate than by silicate weathering.     

铁锰双金属材料对砷和重金属复合污染土壤的稳定化研究

由于矿产资源的共生、伴生现象及历史上采选冶技术的相对落后,我国矿区附近的重金属污染场地多存在复合污染的情况,而稳定化技术是解决该问题的有效措施.本文通过室内模拟培养实验和静态吸附试验,研究了人工合成的铁锰双金属材料(FMBO)对矿区复合污染土壤中As、Pb、Cd等重金属的稳定化作用和机制.毒性浸出实验结果表明,在3种不同的As和重金属复合污染土壤中,FMBO材料能够对As和Pb等重金属起到较好的稳定化作用,在5%的最大添加量下,FMBO对As、Pb的稳定化效率分别能够达到95.2%~100%和95.5%~97.5%,同时不会引起Cd、Zn和Cu等重金属的活化.由连续提取实验结果可知,FMBO能够使土壤中As和Pb由酸可提取态向可还原态转变,稳定性增强.微观特征分析结果表明,FMBO材料对As的稳定化主要通过表面羟基(—OH)基团的吸附作用,而对Pb、Cd等金属离子则通过吸附、沉淀等多种方式起作用.总体看来,FMBO材料适用于As、Pb等重金属复合污染土壤的治理.     

冷却塔的噪声特性与控制

某住宅小区建有大型冷却塔,运行时产生的噪声严重干扰了居民的生活。在现场进行噪声测量的基础上,着重分析了冷却塔的噪声特性以及噪声源,进而设计并详细分析了针对不同噪声源的噪声治理方案。实施结果证明,采取的控制措施有效,降噪效果明显,能完全满足国家技术标准的要求。