近40年气候变化对江西自然植被净第一性生产力的影响

根据全球气候变化的趋势,采用植被净第一性生产力模型,对江西省南昌、吉安、赣州3地近40年气候变化对自然植被净第一性生产力（NPP）的影响进行研究,并模拟了3地自然植被NPP在未来气候3种水热条件下的变化趋势。此外还以1980年江西全省自然植被NPP为例分析了自然植被NPP的区域分布特征,结果表明：3地近40年自然植被NPP平均值分别为1319 、1311和1320 t/hm2〖DK1〗·a,总体上都呈上升的趋势。 当年均气温增加2℃且降水量增加20%时,NPP值增加了149%~1585%;随着年均气温增加2℃且降水量减少20%,NPP减少了477%~516%;当年均气温增加2℃且降水量不变时,NPP增加了530%~569%。江西自然植被NPP区域分布特征由东、南、西3个方向向北呈放射状分布,随着地形由高山向丘陵、平原的方向变化而减小。     

杜仲人工林生物量和生产力研究

对四川西部和北部兵陵,低山地区的仲人工林分生物量生产力进行了测定和研究。按“平均标准木法”和“样方收获法”分别调查了乔木层、草本地被物层和枯枝落叶层的生物量。根据调查数据,用“相对生长法则”建立了乔木层单株木各器官干重的回归方程,方程的精度在９３．６％以上,具参考价值。     

Effects of arsenic on seed germination and physiological activities in wheat seedlings

The effects of arsenic(As)were investigated on seed germination,root and shoot length and their biomass and some other factors to elucidate the toxicity of As.The results showed low concentrations of As(O-1 mg/kg)stimulated seed germination and the growth of root and shoot,however,these factors all decreased gradually at high concentrations of As(5-20 mg/kg).The contents Of O2-,MDA,soluble protein and peroxidase(POD)activity all increased with increasing As concentrations.Soluble sugar content,ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities decreased at low concentrations of As,and increased at high concentrations of As.While acetylsalicylic acid(ASA)and chlorophyll contents,catalase(CAT)activity displayed increasing trend when the concentrations of As was lower than 1 mg/kg,and then decreasing trend.By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE).As induced the expression of POD isozymes of wheat seedlings.As induced the expression of CAT isozymes but inhibited the expression of SOD isozymes of wheat seedlings at concentrations lower than 1 mg/kg.However,As inhibited the expression of CAT isozymes but induced the expression of SOD isozymes at concentrations higher than 5 mg/kg.The results indicated As could exert harmfulness in the early development stage of wheat at inappropriate concentrations.     

Treatment of tannery wastewater by electrocoagulation

Treatment of tannery wastewater by electrocoagulation with low cell current(≤1A)and soluble electrodes(mild steel electrodes and aluminum electrodes)was studied.Compared with aluminum electrodes,mild steel electrodes were more effective for the removal of sulfide,with a removal efficiency of over 90%.But during the treatment process,black color precipitate typical to iron(Ⅱ)sulfides was produced.While aluminum electrodes were effective to eliminate the colority of the effluent,the removal efficiency of sulfide was lower than 12%.The mechanisms of the removal of chemical oxygen demand,ammonia,total organic carbon,sulfide and colority with the two soluble electrodes(mild steel and aluminum electrodes)were discussed in detail.In order to exert the predominance of diffenent types of electrodes,the tannery wastewater was treated using mild steel electrodes first followed by the filter and finally by the aluminum electrodes,the elimination rates of chemical oxygen demand,ammonia,total organic carbon,sulfide and colority were 68.0%,43.1%,55.1%,96.7% and 84.3%,respectively,with the initial concentrations 2413.1 mg/L,223.4 mg/L,1000.4 mg/L,112.3 mg/L and 256 dilution times,respectively.The absorbance spectra and energy consumption during electrocoagulation process were also discussed.     

基于可拓理论的煤矿安全预警模型研究

基于可拓理论的综合预警模型是基于参变量物元的动态评价模型,该模型利用层次分析法确定各预警指标的权重,以综合关联度作为评价准则,避免了预警模型的主观性.该模型在河南神火煤电股份有限公司新庄矿安全预警分析中应用,指出了该矿的整体安全状况及存在的问题,并提出相应的改进对策,表明该方法计算简便,易于推广使用.     

综合评价方法在环境评价中的应用

近年来,环境评价由单因素简单评价向多因素综合评价方向发展.综合评价方法由于引入了数学模型和空间信息技术等手段,能够充分利用环境监测数据,克服了简单评价反映信息不完全、容易失真的缺点,更为客观、合理,受到越来越广泛的关     

科学发展与生态文明(下)

4科学发展与生态文明中共十七大报告指出：“建设生态文明,基本形成节约能源资源和保护生态环境的产业结构、增长方式、消费模式。”报告还强调,要使“生态文明观念在全社会牢固树立”。这是在党的正式文献中第一次提出生态文明的概念,把生态环境的重要性提高到了“文明”的高度。建设生态文明是科学发展观的必然要求。科学发展观的第一要义是发展,核心是以人为本,基本要求是全面协调可持续,根本方法是统筹兼顾。     

嘉陵江流域旅游经济发展的限制性因素分析

嘉陵江是长江最大的支流,嘉陵江流域是长江上游重要的生态屏障。流域旅游资源丰富,但丰富的旅游资源不为世人所了解,资源本身没能发挥其应有的价值,丰富的旅游资源和流域落后的旅游经济形成强烈反差。嘉陵江流域是中国西部旅游资源极具开发潜力的一个区域,后发优势明显。分析流域旅游业发展的限制性因素,有利于流域旅游资源的开发。从流域区位条件、资源条件、经济基础、旅游市场营销、旅游基础设施和旅游服务等方面分析了制约该流域旅游经济发展的主要因素。     

排除地电观测供电对地磁干扰装置在ZD8B地电仪中的应用

随着地震监测前兆手段仪器数字化、智能化的深入发展 ,在全国许多台站配备了数字地电仪和地磁数字智能仪 ,对观测数据的采集更科学更迅捷。但由于地电观测供电产生地下电流会带来磁干扰 ,对地磁观测带来了很大影响。笔者提出将排除地电观测供电对地磁干扰装置应用在ZD8B地电仪仪器中 ,从而避免了地电供电对地磁测量的影响     

低温等离子体与催化剂联用降解空气中低浓度的苯

采用介质阻挡放电(DBD)与催化剂(MnO2,TiO2)联用降解空气中低浓度的苯(C6H6)。考察了苯的转化率、产物选择性、能量效率随能量密度的变化关系。研究发现,苯的转化率随能量密度的增加而增加,当注入DBD反应器的能量密度为1200J/L时,等离子体协同催化剂MnO2氧化苯的转化率达到了92%。苯的氧化产物为一氧化碳(CO)和二氧化碳(CO2),进而阐述了其氧化机理。当能量密度为430J/L时,在催化剂MnO2,TiO2存在的条件下,能量效率分别达到了0.062与0.043mol/kWh。