臭氧氧化—湿式钙法吸收工艺对烟气的同时脱硫脱硝

采用臭氧氧化—湿式钙法吸收工艺对模拟烟气进行同时脱硫脱硝处理。O₃于150 ℃下具有较高的热稳定性,可将NO氧化为高价态氮氧化物,且NO氧化率随n（O₃）∶n（NO）的增大而逐渐提高。烟气中SO₂和H₂O的存在对NO氧化率的影响不大。O₃对SO₂的氧化率较低,约为5%。3%（w）石灰石浆液对SO₂的吸收率接近100%,NO_x吸收率随n（O₃）∶n（NO）的增大而逐渐提高,当n（O₃）∶n（NO）为1.6时NO_x吸收率可达约65%。SO₂能促进吸收液对NO_x的脱除。石灰石浆液中加入0.2%（w）的（NH₄）₂SO₃或Na₂SO₃后NO_x吸收率可达约85%或82%,且吸收率随添加剂加入量的增加而提高,添加（NH₄）₂SO₃的NO_x吸收率略高于添加Na₂SO₃。     

基于可拓物元模型的安全经济开采评价指标体系的构建及应用

首先根据安全经济开采的内涵,建立以人员安全、设施设备安全、开采环境安全、安全投资和安全管理为主要制约因素的安全经济开采评价模型,并运用改进的层次分析法确定人员可靠度对安全经济开采水平影响最大,开采环境可靠度影响最小。其次,采用函数拟合法、专家打分法、标准化打分法量化安全经济开采水平指标,并将安全经济开采水平划分为3个等级。最后,运用可拓物元模型方法,得出某铁矿安全经济开采水平为二级,无重大经济损失,与实际吻合。     

扎哈淖尔露天煤矿南帮压煤回采边坡稳定性分析

针对露天矿边帮普遍存在的压煤问题,基于极限平衡及强度折减理论,从控制边坡稳定性角度出发,结合扎哈淖尔露天煤矿南帮软岩边坡工程实际,通过定量计算与定性分析,提出横采内排压帮开采方式。采用二维刚体极限平衡与三维数值模拟相结合的方法分析了横采深部开挖角度及内排跟踪距离对边坡稳定性的影响及其程度,优化设计了扎哈哈淖尔露天矿横采南帮边坡形态。结果表明:南帮边坡滑坡模式为以IVC煤层底板弱层为底界面的切层-顺层滑动;横采内排压帮开采方式可借助边坡三维效应提高露天矿边坡角度及其自身稳定性,进而达到安全、高效地回收边帮压煤,提高露天矿煤炭资源回收率;扎哈淖尔露天煤矿横采南帮边坡稳定性随内排跟踪距离增大呈负指数降低;最终确定横采开挖位置为+908水平,内排跟踪距离为100 m,深部开挖角度为42°,可累计为扎哈淖尔露天煤矿多采出IV煤4 701.39万t,经济效益显著。     

FAHP法在污泥板框调理剂综合评价中的应用

提出了一种新的污泥板框调理剂综合评价方法。传统的CST(毛细吸水时间)、污泥比阻、泥饼含水率等指标只能单一地评价泥饼脱水效果,为了实现对调理效果的综合评价,需要考虑药剂调理费用、运输处置成本、设备处理产能、滤液处理难度等多种因素。通过长期采集中试运行数据,考察了3种污泥板框调理剂对设备、泥饼、滤液和运行4个方面17个指标的影响。引入层次分析法和模糊数学综合评价法相结合的模糊层次分析法(FAHP)对3种污泥板框调理剂进行了综合评价,采用层次分析法确定指标权重;采用隶属函数对指标进行无量纲化处理,确定其隶属度,解决了指标间的可综合性问题;最后用加权平均法得出评价综合值,综合评价值表明,在这3种调理剂中,调理剂1的综合效果最优,更适合作为该厂的污泥板框脱水调理剂。     

不同污泥预处理方法对污泥过滤脱水性能的影响

研究了3种污泥预处理方法(表面活性剂处理、碱处理、Fenton处理)对污泥过滤脱水性能的影响。结果表明,对于3种预处理方法,使污泥过滤脱水性能最佳的阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的投加质量比为50 mg/g,NaOH质量比为150 mg/g,Fenton试剂Fe~(2+)与H_2O_2的投加比n(Fe~(2+))∶n(H_2O_2)为1.5。3种预处理方法对污泥均有一定破解作用,其中由于Fenton反应的强氧化性,污泥破解率最大,污泥粒径减小了近50%,释放的溶解性COD(SCOD)最高(786.88 mg/L)。Fenton处理后的污泥紧密结合型胞外聚合物(Tightly Bound-Extracellular Polymeric Substances,TB-EPS)及TB-EPS中蛋白质和多聚糖的量减少得最多。此外,还分析了3种预处理方法脱水效率与速率的差异。     

水环境中石油类物质分析方法探讨

在详述了国内外石油类分析方法的基础上,对各方法的适用范围、优缺点及可比性进行了深入分析,阐述了各类方法存在的共性问题,指出按照石油类物质毒性大小分别定量分析的方法将是未来的发展趋势。     

太阳翼驱动机构的扰振力矩测试与分析

为了研究太阳翼驱动机构(solar array drive assembly,SADA)驱动太阳翼运行期间所产生的扰振力矩特性,设计了一套地面测试系统,包括应变式微振动测试平台、柔性负载以及模拟SADA在轨无重力工作环境的重力卸载装置。阐述了所设计测试系统的工作原理,并利用该测试系统进行了试验测试。测试结果表明:SADA驱动柔性负载运行期间所产生扰振力矩的扰振频率成分主要包含两部分,即:1)SADA驱动柔性负载耦合系统的低阶扭转固有频率;2)SADA电脉冲信号的输入频率及其高阶谐波。     

医用治疗仪EMC测试问题探析及总结

通过对医用治疗仪进行分类,针对低压输出和高压输出两类产品的EMC常见不合格项目,挑选典型的产品加以分析,从而总结出不合格项目对应的改善措施,为治疗仪产品的EMC问题提供案例参考。     

Competition for electrons between reductive dechlorination and denitrification

It is common that 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) coexists with nitrate or nitrite in industrial wastewaters. In this work, simultaneous reductive dechlorination of TCP and denitrification of nitrate or nitrite competed for electron donor, which led to their mutual inhibition. All inhibitions could be relieved to a certain degree by augmenting an organic electron donor, but the impact of the added electron donor was strongest for TCP. For simultaneous reduction of TCP together with nitrate, TCP’s removal rate value increased 75% and 150%, respectively, when added glucose was increased from 0.4 mmol?L^–1 to 0.5 mmol?L^–1 and to 0.76 mmol?L^–1. For comparison, the removal rate for nitrate increased by only 25% and 114% for the same added glucose. The relationship between their initial biodegradation rates versus their initial concentrations could be represented well with the Monod model, which quantified their half-maximum-rate concentration (K _S value), and K _S values for TCP, nitrate, and nitrite were larger with simultaneous reduction than independent reduction. The increases in K _S are further evidence that competition for the electron donor led to mutual inhibition. For bioremediation of wastewater containing TCP and oxidized nitrogen, both reduction reactions should proceed more rapidly if the oxidized nitrogen is nitrite instead of nitrate and if readily biodegradable electron acceptor is augmented.

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Urinary metabolomic profiling in rats exposed to dietary di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is an omnipresent environmental chemical with widespread nonoccupational human exposure through multiple ways. Although considerable efforts have been invested to investigate mechanisms of DEHP toxicity, the key metabolic biomarkers of DEHP toxicity remain to be identified. The aim of this study was to assess the urinary metabonomics of dietary DEHP in rats using the technique of ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Fourteen female Wistar rats were divided into two groups and given increasing dietary doses of DEHP for 30 consecutive days. The urinary metabolite profile was studied using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) enabled clusters to be clearly separated. Eleven principal urinary metabolites were identified as contributing to the clusters. The clusters in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode were xanthurenic acid, kynurenic acid, nonate, N6-methyladenosine, and L-isoleucyl-L-proline. The clusters in the negative ESI mode were hippuric acid, tetrahydrocortisol, citric acid, phenylpropionylglycine, cPA(18:2(9Z, 12Z)/0:0), and LysoPC(14:1(9Z)). The urinary metabonomic changes indicated that exposure to dietary DEHP can affect energy-related metabolism, liver and renal function, fatty acid metabolism, and cause DNA damage in rats. The findings of this study on the urinary metabolites and metabolic pathways of DEHP may form the basis for future studies on the mechanisms of toxicity of this commonly found environmental chemical.