人口学特征和动机偏好双重视角的入境游客市场细分研究——西安市的实证研究

基于SPSS16.0社会科学统计软件,采用单因素方差分析法和均值比较法,从9项内驱力指标和9项吸引力指标入手,对游客性别、年龄、学历水平等人口学特征与旅游动机之间的差异关系进行了定量分析。作为实证研究,以国家自然科学基金项目组在西安市开展市场调查获取的第一手数据为依据,从人口学特征和旅游动机双重视角,细分了西安市的入境客源市场,并据此提出针对性的客源市场开发方案,旨在为入境旅游市场的开发拓展提供理论借鉴和技术支持。     

资源型城市资源开发补偿法律制度研究——以四川省达州地区天然气开发为例

随着资源型城市的资源不断耗竭,我国"矿竭城衰"现象越来越严重,许多资源型城市都面临着可持续发展的困境。因此,应以科学发展观为出发点,从改革资源税费制度和理顺资源利益分配关系两方面来完善我国资源开发补偿法律制度,以促进我国资源型城市的可持续发展,最终实现国家的可持续发展。     

Solid phase extraction with pyrenebutyric acid-bonded silica for analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in sewage water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A solid phase extraction (SPE) method using pyrenebutyric acid-bonded silica (PYB) as sorbent was developed to determine 23 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sewage water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Factors were optimized in SPE procedures including elution solvent, pH, and cartridge burden. The recoveries of 23 PCB congeners were 69.44-111.91% under optimized conditions. Comparisons were also conducted among PYB-SPE, C(18)-SPE and United States Environmental Protection Agency 608 (USEPA608) methods in the analysis of PCBs in sewage water samples. The results showed that the performance of PYB-SPE method was similar with USEPA608 method and better than C(18)-SPE method. Both PYB-SPE and USEPA608 methods were then employed to analyze PCBs in real spiked sewage water samples. The recoveries of PCB congeners determined by PYB-SPE method ranged from 70.6% to 92.4% in real spiked sewage water samples which were identified to be in accordance with USEPA608 method. Limits of detection (LOD) were in the range of 0.06-0.22ngL(-1) for PCB congeners. The optimized PYB-SPE method was successfully applied to the determination of PCBs in sewage water samples.     

维生素和酮苷生产废水中难降解污染物的溯源研究

研究了维生素和酮苷生产过程中各生产工段排水的生物降解特性,评价了各生产工段对生产废水中难降解有机物的贡献率,追溯了可能的难降解特征污染物。结果表明,维生素生产废水中的难降解物质主要来自W1-1、W1-3、W1-5和W1-6生产工段,甲醛、丁烯酮、醛酮聚合物和吡啶可能是导致生产废水难降解的重要原因;酮苷生产废水中的难降解物质主要来自W2-1、W2-3和W2-7生产工段,氯代有机溶剂和苯环类物质可能是导致生产废水难降解的重要原因。建议根据具体生产工段排水的水质特征,有针对性地进行物化处理,提高废水可生化性。     

序批式活性污泥法工艺处理含盐废水动力学模型研究

为了实现含盐废水序批式活性污泥法(SBR)工艺的启动,采用逐步提高废水中NaCl浓度负荷的方法对活性污泥进行驯化,并建立有机物(COD)与NH4+-N的降解动力学模型。结果表明,经过280d的驯化和稳定运行,SBR系统可以有效降解含盐废水,COD去除率高于74%,NH4+-N平均去除率高于90%,实现了SBR工艺处理含盐废水的启动和稳定运行。含盐废水有机物(COD)降解动力学参数r0(无盐条件下的COD去除速率)为129.87mg/(L.h),KY(盐抑制常数)为7700.01mg/L;含盐废水硝化反应动力学参数Ks(饱和常数)为186.52mg/L,vmax(NH4+-N的最大比降解速率)为0.0034h-1。     

Source apportionment of wintertime secondary organic aerosol during the California regional PM10/PM2.5 air quality study

The UCD/CIT air quality model with the Caltech Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (CACM) was used to predict source contributions to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) from December 15, 2000 to January 7, 2001. The predicted 24-day average SOA concentration had a maximum value of 4.26 μg m^?3 50 km southwest of Fresno. Predicted SOA concentrations at Fresno, Angiola, and Bakersfield were 2.46 μg m^?3, 1.68 μg m^?3, and 2.28 μg m^?3, respectively, accounting for 6%, 37%, and 4% of the total predicted organic aerosol. The average SOA concentration across the entire SJV was 1.35 μg m^?3, which accounts for approximately 20% of the total predicted organic aerosol. Averaged over the entire SJV, the major SOA sources were solvent use (28% of SOA), catalyst gasoline engines (25% of SOA), wood smoke (16% of SOA), non-catalyst gasoline engines (13% of SOA), and other anthropogenic sources (11% of SOA). Diesel engines were predicted to only account for approximately 2% of the total SOA formation in the SJV because they emit a small amount of volatile organic compounds relative to other sources. In terms of SOA precursors within the SJV, long-chain alkanes were predicted to be the largest SOA contributor, followed by aromatic compounds. The current study identifies the major known contributors to the SOA burden during a winter pollution episode in the SJV, with further enhancements possible as additional formation pathways are discovered.     

冷-干直接抽取法CEMS冷凝器的选型

探讨了烟气冷凝器的关键性能指标,提出烟气冷凝器脱水率、SO2组分丢失率和烟气出口露点温度等关键参数的计算公式,提出了适合不同工况条件下烟气冷凝器选型的依据和方法,为解决冷-干直接抽取法CEMS所面临的湿法脱硫后的高湿、低浓度SO2,及如何准确、客观地反映污染排放的现实问题,提供了一个合理的解决方案。     

可用于水体污染控制的氨氮转化菌筛选及部分降解特性的实验研究

从南京禄口水产养殖基地淡水鱼塘取淤泥作为分离菌株的土源,采用选择性富集培养法,从中分离到能以硫酸铵为氮源的菌株7株,对7个菌株进行氨氮降解实验,它们氨氮转化率分别为14.8%、19.7%、53.4%、94.2%、29.1%、63.5%和41.7%,其中AN-4菌株的转化率最高且生长良好。通过AN-4菌株16S rRNA基因序列分析以及生理生化方法,鉴定此菌株为克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiellasp.)。对菌株AN-4转化氨氮的特性及温度、pH值、氨氮初始浓度和菌株接种量对其氨氮转化率的影响研究,结果表明,菌株AN-4降解氨氮的最适条件为:温度为30℃和pH值为8.0;当氨氮初始浓度为30mg/L时,AN-4菌株在24 h内的氨氮降解率可达85%以上,且能耐受高达200 mg/L的氨氮浓度;AN-4活化菌液浓度为108cfu/mL,当接种量为3×106cfu/mL时,AN-4菌株在24 h内的氨氮降解率为87.75%。综合上述结果,符合淡水养殖水环境条件,说明AN-4菌株适合在水产养殖中应用,为将菌株AN-4应用于水产养殖环境修复提供了理论依据。     

PEM式臭氧消毒在地上游泳池水处理中的应用

采用臭氧法水处理系统对地上游泳池的循环水进行灭菌消毒,研究了臭氧用量、循环水流量和运行时间等因素对臭氧法灭菌效果的影响。结果表明,3组PEM臭氧发生器应用于21.2 m3的地上游泳池,在4 m3/h的循环水流量下运行12 h后,水中的细菌总数与大肠杆菌群数达到国家标准,去除率均在99%以上。与盐电解法水处理系统相比较,臭氧法水处理系统的优势在于:杀菌快速高效、出水水质的理化指标较好和运行费用低廉。     

高锰酸钾预氧化-缺氧/好氧生物铁法处理乙酰嘧啶废水工艺研究

采用高锰酸钾预氧化-缺氧/好氧生物铁法处理维生素B1厂乙酰嘧啶生产段实际废水,实验结果表明该组合工艺对嘧啶生产废水具有良好的处理效果:预氧化将嘧啶废水中大分子难降解乙酰嘧啶几乎全部转化为具有饱和碳氢键的小分子有机物,使乙酰嘧啶去除率达90%以上,且COD去除率在40%以上,BOD5/COD由0.17~0.23提高至0.35~0.44。通过与后续A/O生物铁工艺相结合,使COD、TN和氨氮总去除率分别达到93.3%、81.7%和78.6%,出水pH为6.6~7.5。