含固率和接种比对林可霉素菌渣厌氧消化的影响

通过林可霉素菌渣的中温厌氧消化摇瓶实验,比较不同的含固率(3%、5%、8%、10%)和接种比(0.5、1、2、3)对菌渣产甲烷能力的影响,以确定菌渣厌氧消化的最优工艺条件.结果表明,在研究参数范围内,含固率越低,接种比越高,越有利于甲烷的产生;经过10d的培养,在含固率为3%、接种比为3时的工况中,菌渣的挥发性固体(VS)累计净产甲烷量最高,为106 mL/g;而含固率>5%、接种比2的液态发酵工艺,此条件既能保证厌氧消化不受消化产物(胺和挥发性有机酸)积累的抑制,也可以缓冲菌渣中残留林可霉素对消化微生物可能产生的抑制效应.     

钢铁企业含锌尘泥资源化利用途径分析评价

通过分析锌元素进入钢铁制造流程的渠道,明确了钢铁企业含锌尘泥的来源与循环路径。根据含锌尘泥的循环途径,综合分析比较国内外含锌尘泥的不同利用方式和工艺——改变循环路径、物理选矿法、火法工艺以及湿法工艺。本着钢铁工业与锌冶炼之间形成工业化生态链的思路,提出了钢铁企业含锌尘泥的处理原则和资源化利用模式。     

规划环评中景观非生态功能影响评价实例

以景观概念作为融合自然与社会、科学与美学、理性与感性的结合点,研究了景观非生态功能的内涵及其评价技术理论框架,从景观功能中提炼出景观非生态功能概念,初步完成景观非生态功能评价指标体系的构建.评价技术体系设计突出环境影响评价中现状评价的客观性以及影响预测的科学性.以人感尺度下的评价对象——景观单元概念为创新点,该评价体系补充并完善了现有景观评价体系的技术链条,在保证评价精度的前提下,简化并规范了评价工作流程.该评价体系沿用现有环境影响评价所广泛采用的现状评价、影响源分析、影响预测评价及措施建议的技术思路,基本能满足现行技术规范的要求.以武汉市后官湖生态宜居新城规划环评为例,验证了该体系的可操作性,为我国规划环评在景观评价技术领域的发展提供理论和实践参考.      

Species and distribution of rare earth elements in the Baotou section of the Yellow River in China

This paper analyses the contents and species distributions of rare earth elements (REEs) in the water-suspended particulate-sediment system of the Baotou section of the Yellow River, China, with known anthropogenic REE input from industrial discharges. The major forms of REEs were suspended and dissolved in the mainstream and the tributaries of the Baotou section, respectively. The concentrations of the dissolved and suspended REEs had the same trends in the overlying water along the mainstream, which increased from the Seqi section (site A) to the mouth of the Sidaosha River (site D), reaching a maximum value at site D, and tending to decrease thereafter. The contents of REEs in sediment cores showed enrichment with light rare earth elements (LREEs). The bound to carbonates and to Fe–Mn oxides are the major forms of REE in the secondary phase and the REE exhibited LREE enrichment pattern and moderate Eu depletion in suspended particulates and surface sediments. The contents and species distributions of REEs in the water-suspended particulate-sediment system of the Baotou section suggest that the anthropogenic source of REEs from Baotou city have enhanced REE accumulation to the Baotou section. This information is important for predicting possible pollution resulting from anthropogenic REE input into rivers.     

电袋复合型除尘器在电厂除尘改造中的应用

介绍晋北铝业自备电厂4台240t/h锅炉电除尘器改造成电袋复合型除尘器的方案、原理、运行情况,为国内燃煤电厂的电除尘器改造提供借鉴和参考。     

宜兴市清源污水处理厂升级改造工艺设计

宜兴市清源污水处理厂升级改造工程设计规模5×104m3/d,采用强化生物脱氮、机械微过滤(盘片过滤)工艺,利用现有池容进行内部改造,同时增加深度处理设施,提高出水标准,改造后出水ρ(COD)、ρ(BOD5)、ρ(SS)、ρ(NH3-N)、ρ(TN)和ρ(TP)平均值分别为34,6,5,1.3,10.3和0.36mg/L,各项水质指标均达GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。     

绿色环保、高效节能、资源循环利用的清洁炼钢厂

主要介绍宝钢集团浦钢搬迁罗泾工程为建设绿色环保、高效节能、资源循环利用的现代清洁炼钢厂所采用的工艺技术、技术装备和技术措施。对炼钢工程中所采用的各种工艺技术、技术装备和技术措施等进行说明和分析。     

基于超声空化原理的废旧线缆回收方法

废旧线缆是一种可以回收利用的资源。目前普遍使用机械破碎方法回收废旧线缆,具体工艺是采用机械磨削的方法分离铜和绝缘皮,然后用筛分法获得。由于此工艺中包含有磨削过程,因此会损失很大一部分铜,从而造成资源浪费。为此,研究使用超声波工艺回收电线,并探讨一些因素对分离率的影响。研究结果表明:利用超声波的空化效应分离电线中的金属和塑料,能有效避免铜的大量损失。当水温为60℃,分离率达到最高值;电线长度与分离率之间基本成反比关系;电线总量的大小对分离率也有一定的影响。     

Modeling the population dynamics of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) over a wide area in northern China

The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most serious crop pests in northern China, calling for accurate prediction of pest outbreaks and strategies for pest control. A computer model is developed to simulate the population dynamics of H. armigera over a wide area in northern China. The area considered covers 12 provinces where serious outbreaks of H. armigera have been observed. In this model, pest development is driven by local ambient temperature, and adults migrate long distances between regions and select preferred hosts for oviposition within a region. Six types of host including cotton, wheat, corn, peanut, soybean and a single category composed of all other minor hosts are considered in this model. Survival rates of eggs and larvae are based on life-table data, and simulated as a function of host type, host phenology and temperature. The incidence of diapause depends on temperature and photoperiod experienced during the larval stage. Survival rate of non-diapause pupae is a nonlinear function of rainfall, and overwinter survival rate is a nonlinear function of temperature. Insecticide is applied when population density exceeds the economic threshold on a host crop within a region. Comparisons of model output with light-trap data indicate that our model reflects the pest population dynamics over a wide area, and could potentially be used for testing novel pest control strategies in northern China.     

Removal of chelated copper from wastewaters by Fe<Superscript>2+</Superscript>-based replacement–precipitation

We studied the removal mechanism and affecting factors of Fe²⁺-based replacement–precipitation process for treating CuEDTA-containing wastewaters. Since Fe²⁺ was easily oxidized to Fe³⁺ in the presence of oxygen, the chelated copper was removed by the synergetic effect of Fe³⁺ replacement and NaOH precipitation. Our experiments showed that the copper removal efficiency was considerably dependant on pH conditions of the solution and molar ratio of Fe²⁺/Cu²⁺.