黑曲霉Y3 菌丝球培养基成分优化

为获得一种高效培养黑曲霉Y3 菌丝球的方法,采用表征菌丝密度的状态参数(H)作为评价指标,对培养基成分进行了优化,确定了霉菌Y3 菌丝球培养的最适碳源、氮源、微量元素及其含量,并对实验确定的培养基的经济性做了比较和分析.结果表明,菌丝球培养基的最适碳源及氮源分别为蔗糖和氯化铵,Mg2+是促进菌丝球生长的重要微量元素.Y3 菌丝球最适培养基成分(g/L)为:蔗糖10.0,NH4Cl1.0,KH2PO4·3H2O 1.0,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5.该培养基价格低廉,培养菌丝球大小适中,由孢子聚集到成球仅需48h,为优质高效的培养菌丝球创造了条件.     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 containing anatase nanoparticles and rutile nanoflower structure consisting of nanorods

A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80：20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.     

海藻去除水中双偶氮染料机理及重金属离子研究

对铜离子协同海藻使偶氮氯膦Ⅲ染料分子脱色和海藻同时吸附去除五种重金属离子的特性进行了研究。结果表明,海藻对Cu（Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）、Pb（Ⅱ）、Cd（Ⅱ）、Hg（Ⅱ）离子的吸附去除受pH和吸附时间的影响较大,在pH＝6～7时,对以上5种金属离子的去除率都在79％以上。适量的铜离子能很好地协同海藻处理水中的偶氮染料,脱色率可达100％;而单独的海藻体系则完全不能吸附偶氮氯膦Ⅲ染料分子。研究了Cu（Ⅱ）协同海藻处理染料的脱色机理。处理染料的海藻的再生性能也很好。     

环境监测站实验室有机废液的管理与处理

环境监测站实验室有机废液污染是不容忽视的问题。介绍了有机废液的定义、分类收集和储存原则。提出了回收利用与无害化处理结合,实验室内部处理和委托资质单位处理结合的有机废液管理和处理方式,并简单列举了几种简单易行的用于实验室处理有机废液的方法,供相关环境监测实验室借鉴。加强实验室有机废液管理和处理,是保障环境安全的重要举措。     

中国东海至南大洋航线海洋近地层大气NOx分布特征

为了探究我国东海至南大洋航线海洋近地层大气NO_x的分布特征,于2015年11月-2016年1月,利用中国极地科学考察船"雪龙号"的观测平台,采用Saltzman法对中国东海至南大洋航线海洋近地层大气NO_x日均浓度进行了监测.结果表明,中国东海至南大洋航线海洋近地层大气ρ（NO_x）的变化范围为0.001~0.038 mg/m3,ρ（NO）的变化范围为0.001~0.033 mg/m3,ρ（NO₂）的变化范围为0（未检出）~0.015 mg/m3.中国东海至南大洋航线海洋近地层大气中,NO是NO_x的主要成分.南极圈外海洋近地层大气中NO_x的分布特征显示距离陆地越近,ρ（NO_x）越高,NO₂/NO（二者质量浓度比值）越大,反映出海陆差异及人为污染对海洋近地层大气的影响.远离陆地的南大洋航段ρ（NO_x）显示较低的大洋背景值.南桑威奇群岛的火山活动导致附近海域异常高浓度的NO_x分布,ρ（NO_x）最高值达0.160 mg/m3,ρ（NO）为0.145 mg/m3,ρ（NO₂）为0.015 mg/m3.西风带的阻隔导致该区域NO_x向周围扩散时,难以穿越西风带,向南极大陆边缘扩散的趋势更加强烈,影响大范围南大洋近地层大气NO_x分布.人为活动可能是南极半岛和中山站附近海洋近地层大气高ρ（NO_x）和高NO₂/NO的原因之一.      

浅析水体富营养化的生态修复技术

通过对目前国内外针对湖泊富营养化的恢复技术的分析,提出水体富营养化生态修复技术存在的问题,提出了水体富营养化生态修复的设想.     

浅谈焦化废水的处理

焦化废水是一种典型的含难降解有机污染物的工业废水,除含酚类化合物外,还含有多种芳香烃和杂环类有机物,成分复杂,水量大,对环境污染严重。因此,焦化废水的处理越来越多的受到相关学者及专家的重视。本文首先从焦化废水的来源及特征出发,根据其特殊性,综合阐述了近年来国内外焦化废水的常规处理方法及深度处理方法,为以后焦化废水的处理提供一些思路。     

Hexabromocyclododecane and tetrabromobisphenol A in sediments and paddy soils from Liaohe River Basin, China: Levels, distribution and mass inventory

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) are two kinds of brominated flame retardants and widely present in the environment and biota. The levels,spatial distributions and mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA were investigated in sediments and paddy soils from the Liaohe River Basin in northeast China. The concentrations of ΣHBCD and TBBPA were in the range of not detected(nd) to 4.02 ng/g dry weight(dw) and 0.03 to 4.06 ng/g dw, respectively. γ-HBCD was dominated in sediments,while the abundance of α-HBCD was relatively high in paddy soils. The spatial distributions of HBCD and TBBPA in surface sediments and paddy soils indicated that the local point-input was their major source. The significant correlation between total organic carbon(TOC) contents and the HBCD levels suggested that TOC content also exerted an influence on the distribution of HBCD in sediments. Meanwhile, it was found that the irrigation with river water was not the major transportation pathway of HBCD and TBBPA in paddy soils. Based on the study, it was estimated that there were about 1.67 tons HBCD and 2.20 tons TBBPA deposited into sediments of the Liaohe River system every year. The total mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA in sediments were far higher than that in paddy soils.     

改性聚氨酯载体用于高氨氮废水处理的研究

利用聚丁二酰亚胺对聚氨酯泡沫体进行化学改性处理,研究改性载体固定化微生物处理高氨氮模拟废水的效果。结果表明:当聚氨酯单元与聚丁二酰亚胺单元摩尔比为10∶1时,对泡沫进行改性后聚氨酯泡沫载体亲水性能良好,且具有较高的微生物负载量。改性后泡沫体上具有化学活性的官能团增加,有利于通过载体结合法固定化微生物细胞;,改性后的聚氨酯泡沫体作为微生物固定化载体用于模拟废水处理时,对主要污染指标呈现良好的污染物去除效果。     

聚醚砜超滤膜接枝聚乙烯醇-氨基酸共聚物的亲水改性研究

基于聚合多巴胺的附着性及易与氨基(—NH2)等基团形成共价键的特性,本实验将聚合多巴胺作为对聚醚砜(PES)超滤膜进行表面改性的接枝中间物,将聚乙烯醇(PVA)-氨基酸共聚物接枝至PES膜表面,从而提高PES超滤膜的亲水性能.实验通过PVA与氨基酸的酯化反应形成PVA-氨基酸共聚物,将带有—NH2的共聚物与PES超滤膜表面的聚合多巴胺涂覆层形成共价键,从而将亲水的PVA-氨基酸共聚物接枝到疏水的超滤膜表面.实验利用通量的变化、红外光谱(FTIR)分析、表面接触角、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)等手段来表征膜特征参数的变化,同时也考察了改性膜对油水乳化液的分离效率和抗污染能力.试验结果表明,经过PVA-氨基酸共聚物接枝改性的膜表面的亲水性有一定的提高,原膜接触角为91°,涂覆和接枝改性后的膜表面接触角分别为71°和53°,油水乳化液的分离实验显示,改性后的膜通量和清洗恢复率均有明显提高.