Performance of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process under different aeration modes and dissolved oxygen

In this study, three sequential batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) were operated for 155 days to evaluate the performance of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process under different aeration modes and dissolved oxygen (DO). Synthetic wastewater with 160-mg NH4 ⁺-N/L was fed into the reactors. In the continuously-aerated reactor, the efficiency of the ammonium nitrogen conversion and total nitrogen (TN) removal reached 80% and 70%, respectively, with DO between 0.8–1.0 mg/L. Whereas in the intermittently-aerated reactor, at the aeration/non-aeration ratio of 1.0, ammonium was always under the detection limit and 86% of TN was removed with DO between 2.0–2.5 mg/L during the aeration time. Results show that CANON could be achieved in both continuous and intermittent aeration pattern. However, to achieve the same nitrogen removal efficiency, the DO needed in the intermittently-aerated sequential batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) during the aeration period was higher than that in the continuously-aerated SBBR. In addition, the DO in the CANON system should be adjusted to the aeration mode, and low DO was not a prerequisite to CANON process.     

国内外城市可持续发展指标体系比较

文章以英国2009年发表的可持续发展指标体系和美国可持续社区指标指南为例,比较了国内外城市可持续发展评估指标体系,列举了各指标体系的大类和分项,从指标体系的选择和评价方法的确定等方面综述了国内可持续发展指标体系,以期为制定和完善中国的城市可持续发展指标体系提供参考。     

2008年南黄海西部浒苔暴发区有机碳的分布特征及浮游植物的固碳强度

根据2008-08-09～2008-08-13在南黄海西部绿潮(浒苔)暴发区取得的溶解有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)和颗粒氮(PN)的分析数据,结合同步获得的水文环境要素资料,研究了该区域有机碳的分布特征、来源、影响因素以及浮游植物的固碳强度.结果表明,DOC的浓度范围为1.55～3.22mg/L,平均值为2.44mg/L;POC的浓度范围为0.11～0.68mg/L,平均值为0.27mg/L.DOC与POC的分布特征基本一致,呈现近岸高,外海低;表层高,底层低的趋势.POC与TSS的相关分析表明,POC与TSS整体上呈显著正相关,表明TSS的浓度和来源是控制POC浓度高低的重要因素.通过建立POC与PN的一元线性回归模型,估算了样品中PIN的含量.扣除样品中PIN的影响后,沿岸大部分海域POC/PON的平均值8,结合POC/Chl-a比值,表明沿岸海域POC主要是海洋有机质来源,并且存在降解有机物,这可能是调查期间处于绿潮暴发后期,部分浒苔开始腐烂被降解所致.应用初级生产力估算的浮游植物固碳强度的结果表明,南黄海西部绿潮(浒苔)暴发区浮游植物的固碳强度变化范围为167～2017mg/(m2·d),平均为730mg/(m2·d),该区域日固碳量达到2.95×104t.换算至整个黄海,日固碳量为28.03×104t.     

流化床电偶反应器

探讨了流化床电偶反应器的工作原理 ,阐述了流化床电偶反应器的结构特点及工艺性能 ,重点介绍了该反应器对多种有机废水和重金属离子废水净化的作用。     

新疆阿尔泰地槽成矿元素分布特征

新疆阿尔泰地槽内成矿元素 ,自北东向南西分为四个带 ,每个带内分布有元素区和矿床 :①阿尔泰山北缘元素带 (阿克萨拉等区 ) ;②阿尔泰山中脊元素带 (冲呼等五个区和可可托海 3号脉稀有金属矿等矿床 ) ;③阿尔泰山南缘元素带 (阿舍勒等四个区和阿舍勒铜矿等矿床 ) ;④额尔齐斯元素带 (喀拉通克等区和喀拉通克铜镍矿等矿床 )。成矿元素区带是寻找新矿床的有利地段     

车用催化转化器及其对发动机性能影响的研究

本文论述了影响催化转化器性能的主要因素有催化剂，催化剂的中毒失效，催化转化器的结构和排气系统的影响，温度、发动机工作状况等；强调催化转化器的结构与发动机及排气系统匹配的重要性。     

Artificial neural network modeling of dissolved oxygen in the Heihe River, Northwestern China

Identification and quantification of dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles of river is one of the primary concerns for water resources managers. In this research, an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to simulate the DO concentrations in the Heihe River, Northwestern China. A three-layer back-propagation ANN was used with the Bayesian regularization training algorithm. The input variables of the neural network were pH, electrical conductivity, chloride (Cl^?), calcium (Ca²⁺), total alkalinity, total hardness, nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N), and ammonical nitrogen (NH₄-N). The ANN structure with 14 hidden neurons obtained the best selection. By making comparison between the results of the ANN model and the measured data on the basis of correlation coefficient (r) and root mean square error (RMSE), a good model-fitting DO values indicated the effectiveness of neural network model. It is found that the coefficient of correlation (r) values for the training, validation, and test sets were 0.9654, 0.9841, and 0.9680, respectively, and the respective values of RMSE for the training, validation, and test sets were 0.4272, 0.3667, and 0.4570, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was used to determine the influence of input variables on the dependent variable. The most effective inputs were determined as pH, NO₃-N, NH₄-N, and Ca²⁺. Cl^? was found to be least effective variables on the proposed model. The identified ANN model can be used to simulate the water quality parameters.     

基于CDIO的民航安全工程课程体系研究

研究、对比了行业特色性和通用行业安全性两种现行安全工程课程体系的现状及存在的主要问题,提出了基于CDIO的民航安全工程课程体系,即C＂构思＂：以产业需求为导向从基本素质、技能、经验和意识4个方面设置了民航安全专业人才能力要求;D＂设计＂：设计了理论知识和技术、应用技能、实验实践和意识4大模块的课程体系,其中理论知识和技术模块采用2＋X＋1和模块化教学模式;I＂实施＂：从＂工程师＂模式教师团队培养、项目教学方法改革、教材建设同步产业需求、实验和实践环节建设等落实课程体系;O＂运行＂：通过多渠道获取反馈信息,进而评估、修订、完善课程体系的＂构思＂,实现民航安全工程课程体系系统管理、闭环管理、持续改进。该模式弥补了安全工程课程体系不是以＂工作能力需求＂为导向、课程体系与产业需求脱节和理论与实践无法有机结合等问题。     

剪切力对好氧颗粒污泥的影响及其脱氮除磷特性研究

以普通絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,以人工配制模拟生活污水为进水,采用有机负荷调控法,在SBR反应器内培养富含聚磷菌的好氧颗粒污泥,研究剪切力对好氧颗粒污泥理化特性及生物学特性的影响,并探讨好氧颗粒污泥的同步脱氮除磷特性.首先SBR以厌氧/好氧方式运行,采用有机负荷调控法培养出富含聚磷菌的好氧颗粒污泥,其粒径在1.0～2.0 mm,SVI在20～22 mL/g,MLVSS/MLSS为91.0％,活性污泥比耗氧速率(SOUR)为45.32 mg/(g·h).颗粒污泥具有良好的沉降性能和较高的生物量,磷酸盐去除率为78％ ～ 99％.然后通过控制搅拌机转速研究4种不同剪切力(以剪切应力表示为0.120 N/m2、0.151 N/m2、0.184 N/m2、0.220 N/m2)条件下好氧颗粒污泥的颗粒化进程、颗粒污泥形态及生物活性.结果表明,当剪切力在0.120-0.220 N/m2之间时,剪切力越大,培养出的好氧颗粒污泥的结构越密实,形状越规则,生物活性越强;在一定范围内(0.120～0.184N/m2),剪切力越大,污泥的颗粒化进程越快,培养出的颗粒污泥的粒径越大;但当剪切力为0.220 N/m2时,污泥的颗粒化进程反而变慢,培养出的较大的颗粒污泥解体,颗粒污泥的粒径反而变小.最后采用逐渐增加进水NH;-N负荷的方法诱导具有同步脱氮除磷能力的好氧颗粒污泥,25d后,SBR对NH4+-N、TN、PO3-4--P的去除率分别达到99.7％、89.8％及94.5％.     

土壤中酞酸酯类化合物监测方法的质量控制研究

从监测结果控制的角度对近10年的土壤中PAEs监测方法进行了探讨,重点比较了索氏萃取柱净化GC/MS、微波萃取柱净化GC、加速溶剂萃取柱净化GC/MS和加速溶剂萃取GPCGC/MS方法的检出限、精密度和准确度。旨在为中国土壤监测方法的建立提供基础支撑,为开展质量控制工作提供评价依据。