Effect of adsorbents coated with titanium dioxide on the photocatalytic degradation of propoxur

Photocatalytic oxidation of pesticides in aqueous media irradiated by UV light is a rapidly growing field of research. Therefore, the treatment technology for degradation of propoxur (an insecticide) using titanium dioxide coated on the supports such as activated carbon, zeolite, brick, quartz and glass beads, was performed in this research. Results show that GAC/TiO2 is the best complexing agent for oxidizing propoxur because of its adsorption properities. The others follow the sequence: plain TiO2 > glass beads > zeolite > brick > quartz. The degradation rate of propoxur with plain TiO2 is higher than that with TiO2/GAC complexing agent. But the mineralization rate of propoxur with plain TiO2 is lower than that with TiO2/GAC complexing agent. However, it can be concluded that using GAC as the support can improve the photocatalytic efficiency.     

Experimental and numerical study of the dispersion of motor vehicle pollutants under idle condition

The aim of the work presented here is to study experimentally and numerically the dispersion characteristics of vehicular exhaust plume at an idle condition in an idealized and simplified environment. The gaseous and particulate concentrations in the exhaust plume of three idling motor vehicles were measured in an isolated environment under calm weather conditions. Despite the difference in the initial concentrations, the pollutants decayed exponentially in all directions.The CFD code PHOENICS 3.3, with the k–ε eddy dissipation sub-model, was used for the numerical simulation. The simulated results match very well with the experimental results close to the source of emission but decay to the ambient concentrations much slower. The effects of the initial emission concentration, exit velocity, exit direction and crosswind intensity have been investigated parametrically. The initial pollutant concentration will increase the local concentrations but the pattern of dispersion remains the same. The exit velocity will increase the momentum of the jet, resulting in a deeper penetration downstream. The exit angle has a stronger influence on pollutant dispersion than both initial pollutant concentration and exit velocity. When the exit angle is 15°, the pollutants tend to spread on the ground region. Crosswind shows a significant effect on the dispersion of the exhaust plume also. It will divert the plume to disperse in the same direction of the wind with limited penetration in the downstream direction.     

Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the adsorption of aniline compounds from aqueous phase onto bifunctional polymeric adsorbent with sulfonic groups

In the present study, a hydrophilic bifunctional polymeric resin (LS-2) with sulfonic groups was synthesized, and the adsorption performance of three aniline compounds, aniline, 4-methylaniline, and 4-nitroaniline onto LS-2 was compared with that on the commercial Amberlite XAD-4. The uptake of the aniline compounds on LS-2 is a procedure of coexistence of physisorption and chemisorption and obeys the pseudo-second order rate equation, while the uptake of the compounds on XAD-4 is merely a physical adsorption and follows the pseudo-first order rate equation. All the isothermal data fit well with the Freundlich model, and the values of K(F) of the compounds adsorbing on LS-2 are much higher than those on XAD-4 suggesting the higher adsorbing capacities on LS-2 than those on XAD-4, which may be attributed to the microporous structure and the polar groups on the network of LS-2 resin. Dynamic adsorption and desorption studies for aniline on LS-2 show that the breakthrough adsorption capacity and the total adsorption capacity are 0.96 and 1.24 mmol per milliliter resin, respectively. Nearly 100% regeneration efficiency for the adsorbent was achieved by 5% hydrochloric acid.     

Degradation of 4-chlorophenol by microwave irradiation enhanced advanced oxidation processes

In this work the synergistic effects of several microwave assisted advanced oxidation processes (MW/AOPs) were studied for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). The efficiencies of the degradation of 4-CP in dilute aqueous solution for a variety of AOPs with or without MW irradiation were compared. The results showed that the synergistic effects between MW and H2O2, UV/H2O2, TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) resulted in a high degradation efficiency for 4-CP. The potential of MW/AOPs for treatment of industrial wastewater is discussed.     

农业蔬菜废物处理方法研究进展和探讨

目前我国农业蔬菜废物污染问题正日益加重 ,蔬菜废物和其他固体废物相比具有高含水率、高营养成分和基本无毒害的特性 ,适宜于单独收集处理。本文介绍了国内外蔬菜废物处理方法的研究进展 ,包括好氧堆肥法、厌氧消化法、好氧 -厌氧联合处理法 ,并对这些方法的适用条件进行了论述。同时 ,探讨了接种微生物自然堆沤法的初步研究结果     

白腐菌对芳香族化合物的降解途径

白腐菌 (Whiterotfungi)是目前所发现的对芳香族化合物有很强降解能力的一类微生物。本文探讨了降解芳香族化合物的白腐菌种及其代谢化合物的主要类型 ,分析了对不同化合物的不同代谢途径 ,同时展望了其应用前景     

活性炭-双氧水催化氧化法深度处理DSD酸废水的研究

以活性炭为催化剂、H2O2为氧化剂的催化氧化技术来处理DSD酸母液树脂吸附出水。处理效果比单纯的活性炭吸附或H2O2氧化要好的多。在温度25℃，线速度0．10m／h，pH3．50，H2O2添加量0．35％，处理500mL水样后，脱色率达到90%以上，TOC去除率达到40．0％以上。     

超声-过氧化氢-氧化铜组合技术催化氧化水中苯酚

研究了超声-H2O2-CuO组合技术对苯酚的降解效果。考察了苯酚初始浓度、溶液温度及鼓入空气对苯酚去除率的影响。实验结果表明，与未鼓入空气时相比，连续鼓气时苯酚的降解效果较好；初始浓度低，苯酚去除率高；溶液温度从20％上升到55％时，苯酚去除率随温度升高而增大，温度对该过程的影响主要表现为对催化剂的影响而不是对超声作用的影响。高效液相色谱分析表明，苯酚降解的中间产物主要为对苯二酚、邻苯二酚及其他有机小分子物质，最终产物为草酸、二氧化碳和水。     

生物质废弃物催化裂解制备富氢燃气实验研究

由生物质废弃物催化裂解制取氢气是一种可再生的制氢方法，本研究采用2段加热管式反应器，前段装生物质，后段装催化剂，用以研究生物质催化裂解制取氢气的特性，并提出潜在氢产率的概念对生物质制氢的经济技术可行性进行深入的分析。测试的3种生物质废弃物为：松木粉、木质素和纤维素，测试温度为600～700℃。实验结果表明，加入催化剂后3种物料的产氢率从5．48～15．06g／kg增加到12．94～37．73g／kg；催化剂对潜在产氢率的影响较小，加入催化剂前后的变化范围为：36、25～98、86g／kg到37．40～116．98g／kg。生物质废弃物催化裂解产氢率与相同温度下空气-水蒸气气化的氢产率相当，实验结果证明，生物质废弃物催化裂解是一种有效的制氢方法。     

超高交联吸附树脂对有机物质甲苯的吸附热力学研究

比较了2种超高交联聚苯乙烯吸附树脂NDa99与ZH-04对甲苯的静态吸附行为.结果表明,在288～293 K和研究的浓度范围内,ZH-04、NDa99对甲苯的吸附平衡数据符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温方程.吸附为放热过程,适当降低温度有利于吸附,并计算了甲苯在ZH-04和NDa99树脂上的吸附焓变、自由能变和熵变,对吸附行为进行了合理的解释,为废水处理提供一定的理论依据.