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811.
为探索加油站火灾爆炸事故致因机理,从而建立安全评价模型,在分析加油站火灾爆炸事故因素的基础上,从人的因素和物的因素视角构建加油站安全状态突变模型,并针对常用加油站安全评价中权重获取受主观影响的问题,提出基于突变理论的加油站火灾爆炸事故安全评价方法,该方法通过对评价目标进行多层次分解,利用归一化公式计算出总突变隶属函数值,实现了加油站安全等级评价与动态评判。实例验证表明:突变模型合理地诠释了加油站火灾爆炸事故形成的规律,安全评价结果是合理、可行的,为加油站安全综合评价提供了新思路。 相似文献
812.
Yun Fei Yao Qiao-Mei Liang Dong-Wei Yang Hua Liao Yi-Ming Wei 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2016,21(6):799-821
Economic and social costs and benefits are critical factors affecting greenhouse gas abatement activities. Recognizing that energy prices are one of the most important factors influencing abatement costs, this study improved the basic China Energy and Environmental Policy Analysis (CEEPA) model by introducing a current energy pricing mechanism for China. The improved model was applied to generate marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves for China including the current energy pricing mechanism and to analyze MACs for the whole country and main abatement sectors in China under different energy pricing mechanisms. The results show that China MACs are sensitive to pricing mechanisms for electricity and refined oil. Ignoring the current regulation of these prices will lead to MAC underestimation, and price liberalization of these two energy sources could lead to a decrease in China MACs. Under a 50 % emission reduction target, if the electricity price regulation is ignored, the China MAC is underestimated by almost 16 %. Energy pricing reforms will lead to variations in sectoral abatement costs and overall abatement potential, and these impacts are projected to be large in the electricity sector. Under a 50 % reduction target, if the electricity price regulation is liberalized, MAC for the electricity sector nearly will decrease 50 %. 相似文献
813.
Microbial bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the sediments of Lake Shankou, Northeastern China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mingzhou Su Jingtian Zhang Shouliang Huo Beidou Xi Fei Hua Fengyu Zan Guangren Qian Jianyong Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(4):79-88
Dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)extracted from Lake Shankou sediments using KCl was isolated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions.The bioavailabilities of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions to three types of bacterial communities collected from sediments,activated sludge and compost products were examined.The DON recoveries obtained by DAX-8 and cation exchange resins treatment were 96.17% ± 1.58% and 98.14% ±0% for the samples obtained from N4 and N14 stations,respectively.After 25 days of incubation at 25°C,most DON(59% to 96%)was degraded.Hydrophilic DON exhibited a higher reduction rate than hydrophobic DON during the growth phase.Untreated wastewater from Changshuihe town was the main degradable DON source to station N4,and 93% of hydrophilic DON and 80% of hydrophobic DON were degraded.Station N14 received a large amount of refractory DON from forest soils and exhibited DON degradation rates of 82% and 71% for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions,respectively.Amino acid contents and fluorescence intensities were also analyzed.Approximately 27% to 74% of amino acids were taken up by day 5,and their concentration gradually increased in the following days due to the decomposition of dissolved proteins.Parallel factor analysis resulted in identification of tryptophan-like proteins,tyrosine-like proteins and FA-like substances.During the growth phase,40%–51% of the tryptophan-like proteins were taken up by bacteria,and the accumulation of tyrosine-like proteins was attributed to the release of biotic substances.The concentration of the FA-like substances decreased due to microbial decomposition. 相似文献
814.
Polyurethane foam(PUF)passive samplers were deployed and tree bark samples were collected at 15 sites across western China in 2013,and the organochlorine pesticide(OCP)concentrations in the samples were determined.Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its degradation products(collectively called DDTs),hexachlorocyclohexanes(HCHs),and hexachlorobenzene(HCB)were the dominant OCPs in the PUF samples and tree bark samples.The mean DDTs,HCHs and HCB concentrations were 33,22 and 18 ng/sample in the PUF samples,and 428,74,and 43 ng/(g lipid weight(lw))in the tree bark,respectively.The OCP concentrations in the air,calculated using PUF–air and tree-bark–air partitioning models,were of the same order of magnitude.Both sample types showed that relatively fresh inputs of DDT and HCHs to the environment have occurred in western China.Meanwhile,PUF passive samplers were compared with the use of tree bark samples as passive samplers.The OCP compositions in the PUF and tree bark samples were different.Only the relatively stable OCPs(such as HCB,β-HCH and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloro-ethylene(DDE))were consistent in the PUF and tree bark samples. 相似文献
815.
To extend the current understanding of the mercury-mediated cytotoxic effect,five neural cell lines established from different animal species were comparatively analyzed using three different endpoint bioassays:thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide,3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay(MTT),neutral red uptake assay(NRU),and Coomassie blue assay(CB).Following a 24-hr exposure to selected concentrations of mercury chloride(HgCl_2) and methylmercury(Ⅱ) chloride(MeHgCl),the cytotoxic effect on test cells was characterized by comparing their 50%inhibition concentration(IC_(50)) values.Experimental results indicated that both these forms of mercury were toxic to all the neural cells,but at very different degrees.The IC_(50)values of MeHgCl among these cell lines ranged from 1.15±0.22 to 10.31 ± 0.70 μmol/L while the IC_(50) values for HgCl_2 were much higher,ranging from 6.44 ± 0.36 to 160.97±19.63 μmol/L,indicating the more toxic nature of MeHgCl.The IC_(50) ratio between HgCl_2and MeHgCl ranged from 1.75 to 96.0,which confirms that organic mercury is much more toxic to these neural cells than inorganic mercury.Among these cell lines,HGST-BR and TriG44 derived from marine sea turtles showed a significantly high tolerance to HgCl_2 as compared to the three mammalian neural cells.Among these neural cells,SK-N-SH represented the most sensitive cells to both chemical forms of mercury. 相似文献
816.
构建CCMP再分析风场与Holland经验台风风场的叠加风场作为海浪的驱动风场,建立SWAN自嵌套模型对影响江苏沿海的典型台风"梅花"引起的台风浪过程进行模拟。在得出风场叠加方式的基础上,设计3种订正系数方案及3种权重系数方案共9种风场构建方案,分别对东中国海进行台风浪模拟并结合Jason-1卫星高度计观测的有效波高数据进行比较分析,实验结果显示各方案有效波高的相对误差最大可相差3%。选取最佳方案的模拟结果为嵌套区域提供波谱边界条件,对嵌套区域的模拟结果表明:模拟值与浮标实测资料吻合较好;台风经过江苏沿海期间,近岸海域最大波高可达5~6 m,中北部海域波浪以涌浪为主,而南部海域则以风浪为主。 相似文献
817.
818.
819.
水足迹是基于消费基础的水资源利用情况的指示器,通过虚拟水贸易获得最大利益是水足迹分析方法的重要发展方向。在基于虚拟水计算方法的基础上对江苏省2009年水足迹进行了计算和评价,结果表明:2009年江苏省水足迹为866.75×10^8m^3,人均水足迹为1829m^3/人·年,水匮乏度为217%,水资源消费自给率为86.33%,较高的水资源自给率和水足迹给江苏省生态环境造成了巨大压力。实施虚拟水战略、改变消费模式、提高水资源利用率,已经成为缓解江苏省水资源短缺现状,实现水资源可持续利用的有效途径。 相似文献
820.
为了解溴氯海因的爆炸、氧化及腐蚀危险性,进行了克南试验、时间/压力试验、固体氧化性试验及腐蚀性试验。结果表明,溴氯海因只具有氧化性和腐蚀性,不具有爆炸性。 相似文献