宏观环境督察信息获取机制研究

本文对信息获取过程中的信息来源分析方法、信息采集方法、信息检索方法、信息加工方法进行了简要介绍,并将上述信息获取方法用于宏观环境督察信息获取过程中,研究了宏观环境督察信息获取机制,并对宏观环境督察信息获取过程进行了详细地分析,为后续的宏观环境督察信息发布提供了基础。     

高技术产业创新资源绩效的时空分异研究——以全球创新型国家为例

构建了高技术产业创新资源绩效评价的投入产出指标体系,利用《美国科学工程分类指标年鉴》及经济合作与发展组织（OECD） 1995-2011年高技术产业活动相关数据,运用超效率DEA模型和区域差异测度锡尔指数对全球28个国家或地区的高技术产业创新资源绩效及各区域创新资源绩效差异进行分析.结果显示：①全球28个国家或地区的高技术产业创新资源绩效水平呈现两级分化趋势.其中,新加坡、瑞士、瑞典、美国4个国家的得分较高,排名靠前,其他国家或地区绩效水平较低.②欧洲、美洲、亚洲-大洋洲之间的高技术产业创新资源绩效水平差异呈现缩小趋势,欧洲区域内部高技术产业创新资源绩效水平差异呈现逐年扩大趋势.     

Modeling Monthly Fluctuations in Submersion Area of a Dammed River Reservoir: A Case Study1

Lu, Haorong, S. Samuel Li, and Jinsong Guo, 2012. Modeling Monthly Fluctuations in Submersion Area of a Dammed River Reservoir: A Case Study. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐13. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12003 Abstract: Fluctuations in water submersion of the Three Gorges Reservoir in China have not been explored in spite of their important implications for shoreline erosion and other undesirable consequences. This article aims to quantify the monthly fluctuations in response to changing hydraulic parameters and regional climatic factors. Flow velocity and water levels distributed along the 609‐km long dammed river reservoir are calculated with a one‐dimensional hydrodynamics model. Evaporation of water from the surface of the reservoir is determined using mass transfer‐based methods. Calculated flow velocities and water levels compare well with field data. We show that the water surface slope decreases with rising water level at the dam, and decreases to almost zero during the winter months of water storage when the downstream water level reaches the normal pool level. The submersion area varies between 830 and 1,070 km² over the year or over 20% of the reservoir zone will experience the annual cycle of dry land and partial or complete submersion. These fluctuations are of relevance to shoreline management and to the prevention and restoration of shoreline erosion. Evaporation is estimated to fluctuate between 1,240 and 26,110 tons of water per month per kilometer length of reservoir channel; this can possibly affect the hydrological budget of the reservoir region. The simple methodologies discussed in this article can easily be applied to other dammed river reservoirs for submersion estimates.     

四川省开展环境权益交易的对策建议

2011年成都市获得四川省政府批复开始排污权交易的试点工作,这标志着四川省以市场化手段解决环境问题向前迈进一大步。排污权是典型的环境权益,因此本文主要以排污权交易为视角,借鉴各试点省成熟的经验,提出四川省开展环境权益交易的几点建议。     

加拿大浸入式教学对我国高职英语教学改革的启示

我国高职院校存在着学生英语水平较差、师资力量薄弱、课堂教学模式与教学大纲偏差的现状。通过探讨“浸入式”教学法的概念、分类及原则,并结合我国高职院校英语教学的现状,探讨“浸入式”英语教学法在我国高职院校实施的途径：从观念上重新认识浸入式教学模式,努力营造浸入式英语学习和教学的环境,引进既精通专业知识,又能熟练运用英语进行课堂授课的师资力量,组织编写适合高职院校浸入式英语教学的教材。     

废钻井液固化剂的筛选实验

针对目前许多废钻井液固化剂产品达不到降低污染物浓度的要求,而效果较好的产品价格昂贵,处理成本高,难以推广使用的问题,选取了9种固化剂进行固化实验,通过针入度测定仪、固化效果比对,参考相应市场价格,筛选出经济效益较高的固化剂,为同行业开展固化处理提供参考和借鉴。     

Chlorophyll a Simulation in a Lake Ecosystem Using a Model with Wavelet Analysis and Artificial Neural Network

Accurate and reliable forecasting is important for the sustainable management of ecosystems. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) simulation and forecasting can provide early warning information and enable managers to make appropriate decisions for protecting lake ecosystems. In this study, we proposed a method for Chl a simulation in a lake that coupled the wavelet analysis and the artificial neural networks (WA–ANN). The proposed method had the advantage of data preprocessing, which reduced noise and managed nonstationary data. Fourteen variables were included in the developed and validated model, relating to hydrologic, ecological and meteorologic time series data from January 2000 to December 2009 at the Lake Baiyangdian study area, North China. The performance of the proposed WA–ANN model for monthly Chl a simulation in the lake ecosystem was compared with a multiple stepwise linear regression (MSLR) model, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and a regular ANN model. The results showed that the WA-ANN model was suitable for Chl a simulation providing a more accurate performance than the MSLR, ARIMA, and ANN models. We recommend that the proposed method be widely applied to further facilitate the development and implementation of lake ecosystem management.     

监控完全遮挡场景下火焰特征分析方法*

为解决监控完全遮挡场景下火灾原因认定面临的问题,探究火焰的视频特征分析方法。利用油盘火、垃圾桶火焰和短路火花3种实体火焰模拟室内火灾,布置普通彩色CCD监控摄像头使之被完全遮挡,收集火灾视频进行预处理,利用视频分析技术提取、对比、分析油盘火焰、垃圾桶火焰和短路火花的HSV颜色、火焰面积增长、质心变化、Harris角点变化、火焰频闪等特征,并总结对应特征变化规律。结果表明:在监控完全遮挡场景下,提出的火焰视频特征分析方法可以较为精确地定量表征火焰动静态特征,为火灾调查工作的顺利开展提供有力的工具。     

UV/O_3对亚硝基二甲胺降解产物的控制研究

对CUV/O3和UV/H2O2 2种高级氧化工艺降解水中亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)和控制二甲胺(DMA)生成的能力进行了比较研究.结果表明,UV/H202能够有效降解NDMA,但不能控制NDMA降解产物DMA的生成;UV/O3高级氧化技术不仅能够有效地去除NDMA,同时对DMA的生成量也有很好的控制作用.进一步考察了不同臭氧浓度、溶液pH值以及NDMA初始浓度对UV/O3工艺控制DMA生成量的影响.结果表明,臭氧浓度对UV/O3控制DMA的生成有一定的影响,DMA的生成量随着臭氧浓度的增大而减小,臭氧浓度为6.64 mg·L-1时,降解7.7 mg·L-1 NDMA生成DMA的量为O.98 mg·L-1.溶液pH值对UV/03控制DMA的影响较大,酸性和中性pH条件下,DMA的生成量随着pH的增大略有增加;碱性pH条件下,DMA的生成量明显减小,pH;11.0时降解初始浓度为7.7 mg·L-1的NDMA,DMA的生成量仅为0.3 mg·L-1.NDMA的初始浓度对UV/03控制DMA的生成也有影响,NDMA初始浓度较小时,UV/O3对DMA生成的控制更为明显.     

超细颗粒物PM25控制技术综述

PM2.5由于其较小的粒径、巨大的比表面积、较大的危害等特点受到世界各国的广泛研究。对此从亚微米粒子的来源、性质、危害等方面进行阐述,对比和总结国内外目前常用的控制技术,详细叙述了静电和其他除尘器相结合以及交流凝并技术脱出超细颗粒物的原理。交流凝并是一种适合收集亚微米粒子的有效方法,这种方法收集效果好,经济实用,适用于去除炼钢、焊接、煤炭燃烧后产生的悬浮性粉尘粒子等方面。研究粒子的荷电、凝并对继续完善荷电凝并理论,提高亚微米粒子的收集效果是十分必要的。