世博会期间上海交通环境承载力调控策略

世博会参观客流规模庞大,且世博园区周边道路设施和自然环境的容量有限,游客自由选择交通模式的结果必然导致自然环境严重超标,人工交通环境不堪重负,因此,必须对世博会期间环境承载力进行调控。而世博会客流属于长期高强度客流,传统的以强制性手段为主的调控策略主要用于短期高强度客流的调控,并不适于世博会。基于局部向全局转换、“强制”向“引导”转换、单因素向双因素转换的调控原则,提出了基于“引导控制”模式的交通环境承载力调控策略：以“引导”手段为主,通过提高公交运行效率、补偿转换交通等措施吸引世博客流向公交方式转移;以“控制”手段为辅,在世博园区周围一定范围内限制社会车辆出入、使用清洁能源车辆,以保证世博客流集散,并降低世博客流对自然环境的影响。     

沸石悬浮填料生物移动床的亚硝化特性

本研究以沸石为重要原料研制新型沸石悬浮填料,并将其用于启动沸石悬浮填料移动床反应器(ZMBBR),与装填普通陶粒的陶粒悬浮填料移动床(CMBBR)对比考察其亚硝化性能.结果表明:通过游离氨(FA)抑制的方法快速实现两种反应器的稳定亚硝化,两个反应器出水亚硝酸氮积累率均能达到90％以上;沸石对铵离子的吸附解吸作用使ZMB...     

基于河流健康的辽河干流生态调度分期研究

河流健康受水文条件、人类活动干扰等因素影响存在季节性特点。作为以维护河流健康为目标的生态调度,在四季变化明显的北方地区也应具有分时期的特性。以辽河干流为研究区域,以月为单位对其河流健康进行评价,探讨河流健康的年内变化规律。研究表明辽河干流河流健康状况存在明显的分期特性,不同时期健康状况差异较大。基于上述特点,提出以分期生态调度的方式来改善河流健康,并划分出封冻期、汛前枯水期、汛期、汛后枯水期4个时期。同时确定出封冻期的最小生态需水、枯水期的河流自净需水、汛期的输沙需水的需水要求。最后耦合出辽河干流生态流量过程并与Tennant法比较,表明该流量过程符合天然的径流节律,能更好地维护河流健康     

基于SNA的环鄱阳湖城市群网络结构的经济联系分析

借鉴社会网络分析方法和城市引力模型,从网络的基本形态、结构属性和网络特征3个维度对环鄱阳湖区城市群整体和分区的经济联系进行研究。研究表明：（1）从网络中心性角度看,整体网络中的中介程度不高,城市之间资源交换的程度不高,而各个圈层网络表现为南昌市的中心度很高,在城市群经济发展中起重要作用。（2）从小团体分析的角度看,整体网络被划分为两个联系紧密的团体,而核心区网络则出现了结构洞。（3）从角色分析角度看,整体网络角色可大致分为经济领导、辐射输出、接受辐射以及普通角色,而整体网络优势尚未发挥。由此,依据网络分析结果进一步提出实现环鄱阳湖城市群网络化优化发展的政策建议     

基于实测光谱分析和MODIS数据鄱阳湖叶绿素a浓度估算

基于遥感的大面积水体监测技术为水环境监测提供了一种有效手段。以鄱阳湖为研究区,以反映水体营养状态的重要指标叶绿素a为研究对象,在测定研究区水体光谱及叶绿素a浓度和收集了相应时间的MODIS数据的基础上,采用浮游藻类指数法（Floating Algae Index,FAI）提取鄱阳湖水体范围,对鄱阳湖水体实测光谱数据进行剔除异常、归一化及光谱微分处理,构建波段差值、比值、归一化差值等光谱指数,利用最小二乘原理迭代分析水体叶绿素光谱响应特征,得出敏感波段范围：673～680 nm与650～665 nm、680～710 nm与650～670 nm、662～671 nm与700～720 nm光谱区间组合。选择最佳通道组合,建立基于MODIS影像的鄱阳湖叶绿素a浓度反演模型,相关系数为067。应用该模型得到2011年秋季鄱阳湖的叶绿素浓度估算值,反演结果显示湖区水体叶绿素浓度总体不高,且在空间分布上湖区水体周边与陆地交界处比湖中心区浓度偏高。分析认为：通过对实测光谱的定量分析,获得对鄱阳湖地区水体叶绿素浓度的光谱特征认识,揭示出其反射光谱的长波漂移现象,为鄱阳湖这一富营养化程度底,且水体分布不均匀区域建立一种叶绿素浓度反演方法,可为该区域长期的水环境管理提供方法借鉴     

汉江中游河谷平原植被指数时空变化及其与沙化土地动态的关联关系

针对沙化土地广泛分布的汉江中游河谷平原区,采用MODIS EVI数据分析2003~2011年区域植被状态时空变化,并据此探讨沙化土地的动态特征。利用时序植被指数统计分析,探讨研究区植被的总体变化规律;分析不同缓冲区植被指数的空间分布格局,反映了区域环境状况的空间差异以及由此而可能产生的土地利用格局的变化;并基于不同距离缓冲区的EVI时空差异对比分析,探讨沙化土地动态与植被变化的关联关系。研究表明,近9 a来汉江中游河谷平原区EVI呈明显上升趋势;随着离河流距离的逐渐增加,每千米范围内各年的年均EVI值均表现出先增大后减小的空间特征,并在距河3 km区域处EVI值达到最大;而EVI的时空差异,则体现了沙化土地的空间分布与动态特征     

The Three Gorges Project in Figures

Abstact

Ecological city is the advanced mode of harmonious development of city. Constant improvement is being made in the development of ecological city. However, building ecological city is an enormous project that calls for a huge amount of capital. The government fund is far from adequate. This paper probes into the fund issue and discusses in detail the mechanism of investment and financing in building ecological city from various aspects such as diversification of the investment subjects and the modes of financing.     

Regional Research Capacity-Building in Sustainability Science: Facts,Gaps, and Futures in Northeast Asia

Abstract

Evidence shows that some conceptual ideas relevant to both local and global sustainability have been adopted in some official documents in northeast Asian nations, particularly China, South Korea, and Japan. This seems to be a very positive signal for the future development of sustainability science in this region. However, studyes show that there are still some major gaps there. One is the problem of how to build up the regional research capacity of sustainability science among northeast Asian research institutes across different disciplines as well as different political systems. Another is how to shift the conceptual frameworks of sustainability science into the operational policy frameworks. There are four major obstacles to the enhancement of regional research capacity-building in sustainability science. In order to build up the regional research capacity in sustainability science and to realize both local and global goals of the sustainable development in northeast Asia, this paper proposes some basic frameworks, including regional institutional innovations, establishment of a regional sustainability information network, initiatives of the regional assessment programme, and focus on the regional education and training of sustainability knowledge.     

The Economic Effect of Mineral Resources Exploitation in Bijie Prefecture in Guizhou

Abstract

The exploitation of mineral resources plays an important role in promoting national economic development. Mining is an essential component of China’s industrial economy. Using grey correlation method to analyze the correlative effect of mineral resources exploitation to relevant industries, using national income method to calculate the pulling effect of mineral resources exploitation to economic growth and using graphs as well as tables to analyze the income distribution effect, the article obtains active economic effect of mineral resources development in Bijie, Guizhou. Moreover, from the view of resources-cored effect, the article analyzes negative effects such as single industrial structure brought by mineral resource development. Through analysis, we find that mineral resources exploitation to some extent brings active effects including gross domestic product growth, local financial revenue growth and relevant industries development; however, its negative effects should not be ignored. The negative effect can be lightened by diversifying industrial structure and prolonging industrial chain.     

The win-win pathway of economic growth and CO2 emission reduction: a case study for China

ABSTRACT

Continuously reducing the CO₂ intensity of GDP is the core strategy for developing countries to realize the dual targets of economic growth and CO₂ emissions reduction. The measures are twofold: one is to strengthen energy saving and decrease energy intensity of GDP and the other is to promote energy structural decarbonization and reduce CO₂ intensity of energy consumption. In order to control global temperature rise no more than 2°C, the decrease in CO₂ intensity of GDP needs surpass 4% before 2030, but it could be merely about 2% based on the current trend. Therefore, all countries ought to speed up the low-carbon transition in energy and economy. As for China, keeping a continuous decline in CO₂ intensity of GDP of 4%–5% will ensure the realization of the NDC objectives, and also promotes the early peaking of CO₂ emissions before 2030. China will play a positive leading role in realizing a win-win low-carbon development coordinating sustainable development and climate change mitigation.