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21.
The establishment of the forest eco-compensation mechanism could realize the value of the forest ecosystem services partly or thoroughly, stress the equality of the stakeholders, encourage public participation in forest ecosystem tendering, and strengthen the capacity of sustainable management. Taking the Hainan province as an example, this study focuses on the analysis of major socioeconomic and ecological impacts of forest eco-compensation in the Qiongzhong County and Lingshui County, and recommends approaches and practices for the establishment of the eco-compensation mechanism in the Hainan Province. Data were collected from a household questionnaire survey. Altogether 120 households have been interviewed, and Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) was applied for data analysis. Most of the respondents held a positive attitude toward the forest eco-compensation policy which has contributed to the improvement of environmental quality. However, forest protection has limited the opportunities for the income growth of local communities, who have never got sufficient compensation from either the central or local governments. Insufficient financial support to forest institutions and local communities involved in forest management has led to major conflicts in forest management, such as, the conflict between forest protection and local economic development, and decrease in arable land area and increase in surplus labor force. On the basis of case study results, the core issues of forest eco-compensation mechanism in Hainan province are discussed. Finally, suggestions and recommendations that cover forest eco-compensation standards, management institutions, and community capacity building and diversification of financing channels, have been made for the establishment of forest eco-compensation mechanism in Hainan. 相似文献
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针对印染企业集中园区产生的综合废水复杂多变,必要选择合式的处理工艺,因此,以某印染企业集中园区的污水处理厂为例,采用厌氧+好氧+物化组合工艺,并对废水的脱色和可生化性的改善进行了试验研究,通过类比调查,优化工程设计参数;经工程实践证明,综合印染废水经该工艺处理后,能达到一级排放标准. 相似文献
24.
Youzhi Li Canming Zhang Yonghong Xie Fen Liu 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2009,14(6):537-545
Deyeuxia angustifolia is a dominant species in the Sanjiang Plain, the largest freshwater marsh wetland in China. However, this species has declined
because of great environment changes. In the effects of sea-level rise and greenhouse gas, magnitude and frequency of flood
and rate of deposit in wetland increased greatly. Thus, in this paper, effects of soil environment (soil type, burial depth,
water depth and oxygen concentration) on seed germination of D. angustifolia were investigated. Both soil type and burial depth affected seedling emergence. Seedlings emerged through 1-, 2-, 4-mm sand,
and at 1-and 2-mm mud. Regardless of soil, seedling emergence time increased and emergence percentage decreased with increasing
burial depth. For example, seedlings started to emerge on the 4th day and the final emergence percentage was 30% when covered
with1-mm mud, whereas the initial emergence time was on the 6th day and the final emergence percentage was only 8% when covered
with 2-mm mud. At the same burial depth, emergence percentage was higher in sand than in mud. Increasing water depth inhibited
seed germination. Germination percentage in 2-cm water level (20%) was 1.2 times higher than that in 12-cm water level (9%).
Oxygen concentration also affected germination. In the 21% oxygen concentration, germination was started on the 2nd day and
the germination percentage was 36%, while seed started to germinate on the 4th day and the germination percentage was only
3% at the 7% oxygen concentration. These data indicate that seed germination of D. angustifolia was highly sensitive to soil type, burial depth, water depth, oxygen concentration, and these responses may be an explicit
indication of maladjustment to environment changes, and an important reason accounting for the decline of this species in
the Sanjiang Plain. 相似文献
25.
Sagy Cohen G. Robert Brakenridge Albert Kettner Bradford Bates Jonathan Nelson Richard McDonald Yu‐Fen Huang Dinuke Munasinghe Jiaqi Zhang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(4):847-858
Information on flood inundation extent is important for understanding societal exposure, water storage volumes, flood wave attenuation, future flood hazard, and other variables. A number of organizations now provide flood inundation maps based on satellite remote sensing. These data products can efficiently and accurately provide the areal extent of a flood event, but do not provide floodwater depth, an important attribute for first responders and damage assessment. Here we present a new methodology and a GIS‐based tool, the Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET), for estimating floodwater depth based solely on an inundation map and a digital elevation model (DEM). We compare the FwDET results against water depth maps derived from hydraulic simulation of two flood events, a large‐scale event for which we use medium resolution input layer (10 m) and a small‐scale event for which we use a high‐resolution (LiDAR; 1 m) input. Further testing is performed for two inundation maps with a number of challenging features that include a narrow valley, a large reservoir, and an urban setting. The results show FwDET can accurately calculate floodwater depth for diverse flooding scenarios but also leads to considerable bias in locations where the inundation extent does not align well with the DEM. In these locations, manual adjustment or higher spatial resolution input is required. 相似文献
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湘江铜霞段镉环境容量模型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
镉是一种毒性很强的累积性重金属污染物,在<污水综合排放标准>中是第一类污染物.为了控制湘江铜霞段的镉污染,根据该段水环境功能要求及水力学特征,在分析多年水文参数和相应环境监测资料的基础上,根据质量守恒定律,应用稳态二维模型建立了该江段镉环境容量模型.经用该段2002年的3月、6月、9月和12月份的有关监测数据检验,结果表明,模型预测值与实测值相对误差为1.38%~21.4%,具有较好的相关性.该模型可用于该江段镉环境容量及水体中镉浓度时空分布的预测预报,对强化该江段环境管理、实施区域含镉废水污染源总量控制具有指导意义. 相似文献
28.
Tingting Fang Ruisong Pan Jing Jiang Fen He Hui Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(6):16
The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of salinity on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biodegradation, community structure and naphthalene dioxygenase gene (ndo) diversity of a halophilic bacterial consortium with the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach. The consortium was developed from oil-contaminated saline soil after enrichment for six times, using phenanthrene as the substrate. The prominent species in the bacterial consortium at all salinities were identified as halophilic bacteria Halomonas, Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Idiomarina, Martelella and uncultured bacteria. The predominant microbes gradually changed associating with the saline concentration fluctuations ranging from 0.1% to 25% (w/v). Two ndo alpha subunits were dominant at salinities ranging from 0.1% to 20%, while not been clearly detected at 25% salinity. Consistently, the biodegradation occurred at salinities ranging from 0.1% to 20%, while no at 25% salinity, suggesting the two ndo genes played an important role in the degradation. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that both of the two ndo alpha subunits were related to the classic nah-like gene from Pseudomonas stutzeri AN10 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PaK1, while one with identity of about 82% and the other one with identity of 90% at amino acid sequence level. We concluded that salinity greatly affected halophilic bacterial community structure and also the functional genes which were more related to biodegradation. 相似文献
29.
本文利用气相色谱-质谱/质谱测定了渤海湾南排河海域野生脉红螺肌肉组织中多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量,并对其污染特征进行讨论.结果表明:(1)肌肉中多氯联苯(∑PCBs)总浓度在8.40—10.06 ng.g-1(lw,以脂肪质量计)之间,其中PCB-114含量最高(0.74—1.06 ng.g-1(lw));(2)五氯联苯和六氯联苯为主要检出组分,占∑PCBs的43.7%—84.8%;(3)雌性脉红螺个体中PCBs的平均浓度略高于雄性及性畸变脉红螺中PCBs的平均浓度,分别为(10.06±0.89)ng.g-1(lw)、(8.40±0.63)ng.g-1(lw)和(8.51±0.67)ng.g-1(lw),但性别间无显著性差异. 相似文献
30.
针对目前我国污染源监控数据缺乏深层次利用,监测数据对污染源不能有效预警的状况,以S市某污水处理厂为例,在全面分析2010年出水COD在线监测数据的变化规律的基础上,建立基于频次分析法的预警阈值确定方法,确定了污水处理厂排放不同警情的阈值范围.结果显示,污水处理厂全年出水浓度集中在40~60mg/L,16:00,20:00以及22:00排水COD较高,超标率大,应加强监控.污水厂正常、一般、不正常以及极不正常状态阈值范围分别可设为小于30%频次、20%频次、10%频次以及超过10%频次对应的浓度范围.对污水厂全年监测数据进行警情状态验证,结果显示全年正常、一般、不正常以及极不正常状态出现的比例分别为70.4%、9.9%、9.8%以及9.9%. 相似文献