灌溉和降雨条件下生态沟渠氮、磷输出特征研究

为了研究长沙县金井河流域农业源头生态沟渠氮和磷的输出特征,对灌溉和降雨条件下及不同季节生态沟渠水体氮、磷的变化特征进行监测研究。研究结果表明：灌溉和降雨期间,生态沟渠中总氮的输出最大值为270 mg/L,其输出的主要形态为氨态氮和硝态氮,总磷的最大值达032 mg/L。灌溉后,生态沟渠氮、磷的输出均呈单调递减变化,在灌溉初期均最高。降雨后,总氮、总磷沿程变化趋势均呈递减变化;生态沟渠对水体总氮、总磷去除率分别达64%、70%;各断面氮、磷的输出随着时间的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中总氮、氨态氮含量在雨后第3 d达到最高,总磷含量在雨后第2 d达到最高。在不同季节中水体氮、磷的变化以冬季总氮、氨态氮和磷浓度最高     

从宿迁地震台情况探讨观测环境的保护

在地震观测中，环境保护是非常重要的，可是随着改革开放后我国经济的飞速发展，各级政府在进行经济建设的过程中，很多地方地震观测环境受到很大的影响。我们江苏省宿迁地震台的观测环境目前就处在这种境况之中，这给我们的数据采集带来了很大的影响。本文从我台环境受影响的现状、国家的法律法规、解决的思路等方面探讨问题的解决办法。     

Does more voluntary environmental information disclosure cut down the cost of equity: heavy pollution industries in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Examining the coexisting policies for mandatory and voluntary disclosure of environmental information, this paper focuses on the unique background for...     

碳布负载的Co3O4纳米片阵列阳极对微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响

微生物燃料电池（MFCs）是一种在处理废水的同时产生电能的新型装置,阳极作为产电微生物富集、电子产生和传递的区域对提高MFCs的性能具有至关重要的作用。以碳布负载的四氧化三钴多孔纳米片阵列(Co₃O₄/CC)作为阳极,探究了可调控的纳米片孔缺陷对MFCs产电性能的影响。结果表明：Co₃O₄/CC阳极的产电性能显著优于碳布,且正比于Co₃O₄纳米片的孔隙率;液固界面处的电荷传递电阻(R_ct)由729.20 Ω降至43.48 Ω,所获得的最大功率密度由1275 mW·m⁻²增加至1547 mW·m⁻²。本研究开发了一种孔结构可控的金属氧化物负载碳布策略,所制备的高性能阳极材料可为MFCs的性能提升提供参考。     

基于SNADPR作用的复合式人工快速渗滤系统的运行性能及微生物学特征

将基于亚硝化的全程自养脱氮(CANON)作用的人工快速渗滤(CRI)装置与反硝化除磷(DPR)型CRI装置耦合为基于同步短程硝化、厌氧氨氧化、反硝化和反硝化除磷(SNADPR)作用的复合式人工快速渗滤(H-CRI)系统,探究了其运行性能及微生物学特征。当H-CRI系统按照内循环潮汐流模式连续运行时,反应装置在水力负荷为0.18 m3·(m2·d)−1的条件下对生活污水中有机物、TN、$ {\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_4^ +} $-N和TP的去除率分别可达(94.39±1.32)%、(97.87±0.43)%、(99.00±0.32)%和(95.96±2.79)%。其中,CANON反应与生物蓄磷作用分别是系统脱氮除磷的主要途径,两者去除的氮磷量分别占H-CRI系统脱氮除磷总量的(72.13±6.12)%和(82.29±5.58)%。结合分子生物学实验结果可知,适宜的耦合模式有助于实现H-CRI系统中好氧氨氧化微生物、厌氧氨氧化菌、反硝化菌和聚磷菌群的有效协作,进而可促进SNADPR反应体系在其中形成并强化,实现对生活污水中有机物及氮磷元素的高效同步去除。     

Treatment of fluorine-containing pharmaceutical wastewater by VUV/UV process

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As an advanced oxidation process, vacuum ultraviolet/ultraviolet (VUV/UV) has been intensively studied for drinking water treatment, but assessment of...     

A novel sigma coordinate system to simulate abrupt changes of underwater terrain in a hydrodynamic model: application to Lake Mead,USA

The sigma (SIG) coordinate system in ocean circulation simulation models results inevitably in horizontal pressure gradient error. This problem also emerges in models of deep lakes or reservoirs with the same characteristics of underwater terrain mutation. SIG coordinates reflect vertical relative stratification but cannot be used to calculate horizontal pressure gradient force in places with drastic topographic changes; this results in vertical water temperature and circulation errors. In deep lakes or reservoirs, differences in water density caused by the temperature difference between upper and lower water bodies is the primary cause of thermal stratification phenomena. Lake Mead was used as a case study on steep topography based on Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model in this study. SIG coordinates result in close agreement between the calibrated temperature time series at the top and middle water layers, but disparity in the bottom water layer. The error emerges in the horizontal pressure gradient error due to the SIG coordinate transformation. Neither increasing the vertical resolution nor adjusting the horizontal viscosity coefficient resolve this error. We test the sigma-zed (SGZ) coordinate which combines Z coordinate and SIG coordinate as a replacement for the SIG coordinate to find that they effectively reduce the model’s runtime and simulation efficiency. The vertical temperature distribution in SGZ coordinate mode is more accurate than the distribution in SIG coordinate mode. The Navier-Stokes horizontal gradient and advection diffusion equation results under SIG coordinates are very sensitive to the pressure gradient. The replacement also enhances resolution near the thermocline, facilitates reclosing of the water bottom and the equal sigma surface, lends significant advantages in terms of vertical temperature in the simulation for local deep water with steep terrain, and shortens runtime for 0.14 h. SGZ mixed coordinates are recommended in the simulation of deep lakes or reservoirs wherein the underwater topography is large (with abundant continuous deep trenches or reefs).

     

Effects of rainfall on surface environment and morphological characteristics in the Loess Plateau

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Slope failure is a one of major process that causes severe landform variation and environment variation, and slope failure has become a major hidden...     

A comparative study on the raw chitin and chitosan yields of common bio-waste from Philippine seafood

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Bio-waste materials from aquatic species are alternative sources of chitin and chitosan—high-value natural biodegradable and biocompatible...     

生石灰孔结构对高温脱硫性能的影响

喷钙脱硫工艺的炉内脱硫率 ,不仅受工艺参数的影响 ,还与石灰石分解生成的新生CaO或直接喷入的CaO的表面结构有关。本研究用同一石灰石经不同方法 (煅烧、过烧、煅烧 -水合 -脱水等 )制备了四种具有不同比表面积和孔结构的生石灰。高温脱硫研究表明 :这四种不同孔结构的生石灰 ,具有不同的脱硫率。通过对高温脱硫前后吸着剂宏观结构变化的对比 ,发现半径小于 30 的孔易被反应产物堵塞 ,因而脱硫能力有限 ,而半径大于 5 0 的孔对脱硫更有效。本研究将为提高炉内喷钙的脱硫率、研制和开发高效脱硫剂提供新的途径。