天津市医疗废物处置规划及策略研究

以天津市医疗废物管理现状为研究对象，对处置方式进行深入探讨，分析目前分散处置和集中处置存在的缺陷，提出“区域集中处置”设想；并运用模糊决策模型理论，建立较完善的处置方式评价指标体系，应用模糊综合评价模型得出“区域集中处置”是最佳的医疗废物处置方式，同时提出了相应的区域集中处置策略。     

常规水处理厂中小隐孢子虫卵囊的去除效果

介绍了小隐孢子虫卵囊的特点及其对人体的危害，分析了pH、混凝剂种类与投加量、电导率和天然有机物含量等对小隐孢子虫卵囊的Zeta电位的影响，总结了混凝－沉淀－过滤和直接过滤对小隐孢子虫卵囊的去除效果，探讨了水温、水质、混凝剂种类与投加量、滤料层组成和滤速等对去除效果的影响。     

河流水质的动态马尔柯夫评价

根据马尔柯夫过程的原理,在水质级别评价结果的基础之上,构造水质变化的概率转移矩阵,并对转移概率赋权计算绝对进步度,然后在此基础上引出相对进步度的概念,用相对进步度来评价河流水质在一段时期内的变化程度.运用该方法计算了中国四大河流2005年的水质相对进步度,并对计算结果进行了分析.     

水污染·水资源·对策

本文详细论述了中国和世界的水资源状况，并论述了中国的水资源短缺状况、中国用水的优劣势，以及如何解决中国水资源短缺的措施和基本战略。     

Gas- and particulate-phase specific tracer and toxic organic compounds in environmental tobacco smoke

Cigarette smoke constituents are worthy of concern and characterized as carcinogens. Different experiment conditions may affect the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) constituents. A study was undertaken in a 75.5-m3 spare office to evaluate ETS constituents in a real environment. Thirty-four volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including three ETS tracers: nicotine, 2,5-dimethylfuran and 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP), 19 carbonyl compounds, 54 semi-volatile compounds (24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 30 alkanes) as well as CO and total particulate matter (TPM) from 15 leading commercial brands were determined. ETS constituents did not increase with increasing cigarette tar. ETS tracers nicotine and 3-EP were affected greatly due to more sorption and surface reactions in real world compared to other studies conducted in chamber, which resulted in 2-5 times lower. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, acrolein, 2-butanone and the high molecular weight compounds exhibited little affect. Pearson correlation analyses show that gas-phase and particulate-phase ETS tracers did not show significant correlation, but within each homologue many of compounds correlated significantly. Indole and cholesta-3,5-diene were also detected in ETS. These results may be useful in efforts to better understand the health effect of ETS exposure and source apportionment.     

汽车尾气净化催化剂涂层改性研究

汽车尾气净化催化剂的净化转化效果及其耐久性，与催化剂涂层的涂覆量以及涂层和载体的结合强度密切相关。本文研究了几种不同类型表面活性剂对浆料固体含量、涂层涂覆量以及涂层结合强度的影响。研究结果表明，不使用表面活性剂时，30％为最佳的固体含量；在使用表面活性剂的情况下，浆料的固体含量可以提高至35％。非离子型表面活性剂有助于提高催化剂涂层涂覆量，而使用离子型表面活性剂的浆料球磨过程中产生大量泡沫，无法涂覆。使用非离子型表面活性剂的催化剂涂层的结合强度最好。     

低温等离子体治理H2S污染的实验研究

低温等离子体技术是一种高效、快速的污染消除技术，国内外都在对其进行广泛而深入的研究。采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体对空气中的硫化氢进行降解研究，探索了、脉冲峰压、脉冲频率、气体流量以及气体初始浓度对净化效果的影响，气体浓度由气相色谱仪测定。结果表明，脉冲电晕放电可以有效消除硫化氢污染，净化率随脉冲峰压和脉冲频率的增加而提高，随气体初始浓度和流量的增加而下降，且在初始浓度360mg／m^2、流量1200mL／min、脉冲峰压30kV、脉冲频率80Hz的条件下，处理后的气体中已检测不到H2S，根据色谱检测限（0．29mg／m^3）计算出的净化率≥99．92％。采用离子色谱对产物进行了定性分析，发现H2S经放电处理后主要产物为SO2和SO3。     

挥发性有机硫化合物释放的研究与展望

在介绍硫的生物地球化学循环的基础上，概述了几种挥发性有机硫气体ＤＭＳ，ＣＯＳ，ＭＳＨ，ＣＳ２和ＤＭＤＳ从各种自然源（主要是生物源）释放的情况，着重阐述了陆地生态系统中各种生物硫源的释放情况，列举了测定这些释放的硫通量的方法，并且对有机硫气体的大气行为及环境影响也作了论述。     

The styrene purification performance of biotrickling filter with toluene-styrene acclimatization under acidic conditions

The obvious disadvantages of biotrickling filters (BTFs) are the long start-up time and low removal efficiency (RE) when treating refractory hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which limits its industrial application. It is worthwhile to investigate how to reduce the start-up period of the BTF for treating hydrophobic VOCs. Here, we present the first study to evaluate the strategy of toluene induction combined with toluene-styrene synchronous acclimatization during start-up in a laboratory-scale BTF inoculated with activated sludge for styrene removal, as well as the effects of styrene inlet concentration (0.279 to 2.659 g·m^?3), empty bed residence time (EBRT) (i.e., 136, 90, 68, 45, 34 sec), humidity (7.7% to 88.9%), and pH (i.e., 4, 3, 2.5, 2) on the performance of the BTF system. The experiments were carried out under acidic conditions (pH 4.5) to make fungi dominant in the BTF. The start-up period for styrene in the BTF was shortened to about 28 days. A maximum elimination capacity (EC_max) of 126 g·m^?3·hr^?1 with an RE of 80% was attained when styrene inlet loading rate (ILR) was below 180 g·m^?3·hr^?1. The highest styrene RE(s) [of BTF] that could be achieved were 95% and 93.4%, respectively, for humidity of 7.7% and at pH 2. A single dominant fungal strain was isolated and identified as Candida palmioleophila strain MA-M11 based on the 26S ribosomal RNA gene. Overall, the styrene induction with the toluene-styrene synchronous acclimatization could markedly reduce the start-up period and enhance the RE of styrene. The BTF dominated by fungi exhibited good performance under low pH and humidity and great potential in treating styrene with higher inlet concentrations.

Implications: The application of the toluene induction combined with toluene-styrene synchronous acclimatization demonstrated to be a promising approach for the highly efficient removal of styrene. The toluene induction can accelerate biofilm formation, and the adaptability of microorganisms to styrene can be improved rapidly by the toluene-styrene synchronous acclimatization. The integrated application of two technologies can shorten the start-up period of biotrickling filters markedly and promote its industrial application.     

利用MCMP微生物制剂减少剩余污泥产量的研究

通过在3组日处理规模为5 m³/d的活性污泥法装置中进行连续进出水试验，考察了投加多功能复合微生物制剂（multifunctional compound micro-organisms preparation ，MCMP）对污水处理过程中剩余污泥减量的影响。中试研究结果表明，曝气池中，每次MCMP菌剂加入量为日处理水量的0.02%～0.04%的条件下，运行2个月装置未排放剩余污泥，有效地实现剩余污泥源头减量的预期要求。该技术不增加或改变原有污水处理工艺和运行方式，不增加处理系统总的动力消耗，并且不会对出水水质产生不良影响。