沈阳市“十一五”固体废物污染防治

固体废物污染防治是“十一五”期间所面临环境保护的重要问题。本文针对固体废物产生及处置利用现状和存在的问题进行了分析,提出了对固体废物污染防治的措施。     

上海滨岸潮滩不同粒径沉积物中无机形态磷的分布特征

以地理环境独特的上海滨岸带为研究对象，根据对冬季潮滩悬浮层、表层沉积物的研究，初步探讨了潮滩不同粒径沉积物中各无机形态磷的地球化学特征：DP、(Fe Al)-P在靠近排污口的采样点含量高，同时随粒径变化复杂；沉积物中（Fe Al)-P含量随粒径变大而升高，悬浮层沉积物中（Fe Al)-P更能指示环境的污染状况；一般细粉砂质沉积物中Ca-P含量高。     

湖泊沉积物－水界面的HCO_3~－地球化学研究

为了解沉积物－水界面作为水体ＨＣＯ_３~－的源还是汇，选择云南洱海和泸沽湖两个湖泊，通过界面精细剖面和平衡计算，揭示了ＨＣＯ_３~－在界面的地球化学行为。结果表明，界面作为ＨＣＯ_３~－的源，并非汇，通过沉积物和水相互作用可以影响上覆水体的酸碱平衡关系。     

毛细管色谱-多离子检测质谱法测定土壤中2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁(2,3,7,8-TCDD)

环境中的多氯二苯并二(口恶)(口英)(PCDD_s)和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDF_s)是当今最受重视的污染物之一,其中PCDD_s有75个异构体而PCDF_s有135个异构体,它们的毒性大小显著地依赖于氯原子的取代数和取代位置,由于这类污染物的低溶解度和高的辛醇/水分配系数,主要分布在土壤(85％)和沉积物(14％)中,只有1％进入空气、水和生物体.在自然环境中这类污染物代谢降解速度缓慢,从而增加了环境污染的复杂性.而鉴别这类污染物就成为一个主要研究课题.     

Investigation of low-molecular weight organic acids and their spatiotemporal variation characteristics in Hongfeng Lake, China

The identities and concentrations of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) were determined by ion chromatography throughout a 20-m water column in Hongfeng Lake, China. The spatiotemporal variations of LMWOAs and their contributions to dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a research period of 24 hr were also investigated. The results demonstrated that five LMWOAs (lactic, acetic, pyruvic, sorbic, oxalic acid) were detected, and their total concentration and proportion in DOC were 6.55 μmol/L and 7.47%. Their average levels were 2.50, 0.65, 2.35, 0.96 and 0.09 μmol/L, respectively. LMWOAs were higher during daytime (10:00-18:00 on Jun 13, 2008) than nighttime (21:00-6:00 the next morning), in particular 4.99 μmol/L high in the epilimnion ( 1 m water depth), reflecting the fact that direct import from terrigenous sources and photochemical production from humic materials were dominant during LMWOAs’ origin and accumulation. The same factors caused LMWOAs to be 0.63 μmol/L in the epilimnion higher than in the hypolimnion. The rapid decrease of total organic acid (TOA) up until 18:00 mainly resulted from bio-uptake and mineralization in the hypolimnion (>1 m water depth). Pyruvic acid increased with time in the epilimnion and decreased in the hypolimnion, largely related to the two contrary processes of continuous degradation and synthesis of macromolecular organic matter during life materials’ cycle mediated by organisms. Simultaneously, plankton behavior and thermal stratification played a pivotal role in LMWOAs’ behavior in the water column, causing decreasing and increasing profiles. The distribution of LMWOAs represents an interesting resource for biogeochemical research of DOM in aquatic ecosystems.     

新型ISTD反应器处理污水处理厂污泥的试验研究

针对传统的污泥处理方法存在消化时间长、投资及运行费用高、运行管理较复杂等问题,开发了污泥同时浓缩与消化——新型ISTD反应器,并对城市污水厂剩余污泥进行试验研究。试验结果表明:在30³5℃,COD有机负荷0.65 kg/(m3·d),水力停留时间5 d的条件下,有机物分解率为53.88%,排泥含水率为91.91%,出水SS平均为612 mg/L。     

呼和浩特市创建国家环保模范城市分析

本文通过对呼和浩特市创建国家环保模范城市面临的困难、采取的措施以及取得的效果进行分析,对北方地区创建国家环保模范城市提供借鉴.     

基于环境一号卫星多光谱影像数据的三湖一库富营养化状态评价

环境一号卫星是我国2008年自主发射的环境与灾害监测小卫星,其2d的时间分辨率使其成为环境变化监测的重要数据源.根据实测的太湖、巢湖、滇池和三峡水库的水面光谱信息以及水质参数,构建基于环境一号卫星多光谱数据的富营养化评价模型,对太湖、巢湖、滇池和三峡水库2009年水体营养状况进行了评价分析.研究结果表明:利用环境一号卫...     

Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.     

Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lake Erhai, Southwest China

The temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in a sediment core from Lake Erhal in Southwest China using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method.The total organic carbon (TOC) normalized total PAHs concentrations (sum of US Environmental Protection Agency proposed 16 priority PAHs) ranged from 31.9 to 269 μg/g dry weight (dw),and were characterized by a slowly increasing stage in the deeper sediments and a sharp increasing stage in the upper sediments.The PAHs in the sediments were dominated by low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs,suggesting that the primary source of PAHs was low- and moderate temperature combustion processes.However,both the significant increase in high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs in the upper sediments and the vertical profile of diagnostic ratios pointed out a change in the sources of PAHs from low-temperature combustion to high-temperature combustion.The ecotoxicological assessment based on consensus-based sediment quality guidelines implied that potential adverse biological impacts were possible for benzo(ghi)perylenelene and most LMW PAHs.In addition,the total BaP equivalent quotient of seven carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BaA,CHr,BbF,BkF,BaP,DBA and INP) was 106.1 ng/g,according to the toxic equivalency factors.Although there was no great biological impact associated with the HMW PAlls,great attention should be paid to these PAH components based on their rapid increase in the upper sediments.