对产生环境问题的根源探析

从多维、多学科的视角，就环境问题产生的原因进行了比较系统，全面的研究和探讨。具体包括环境问题产生的哲学根源、宗教根源、伦理根源、技术根源和经济根源。从表面上看，环境问题是一个技术问题、经济问题；但从深层次考察，环境问题则也是哲学问题、宗教问题和伦理问题。环境问题的根本解决，不仅有赖于技术进步和经济法律制度的变革，更有赖于人类文明的转型和伦理观念的觉悟。     

铜离子冲击下活性污泥微生物多样性的分子生态学分析

采用基于 16SrDNA序列分析方法 ,在长度多态 (LPM)和 16SrDNA的GC含量二维水平分析了受重金属污染的活性污泥系统内细菌的优势种类和多样性 .设计的PCR引物可以将细菌分为三大类 :即 1)proteobacterialα&δ(变形杆菌α&δ) ,2 )pro teobacterialβ&γ(变形杆菌 β&γ) ,以及 3)flexibacter(屈桡杆菌 )和革兰氏阳性菌 .分析了未受重金属驯化和受重金属驯化的两类活性污泥系统在重金属作用下优势种和多样性的变化 ,结果显示未驯化的活性污泥系统多样性减少但优势种的变化微小 ,而驯化系统优势种有较大的变化 ,但多样性基本不变 .这一结果证实驯化有助于提高微生物对重金属的抗性     

Sustainable development pattern and the strategy in the three Gorges Reservoir Areas

The development pattern,development situation,and existing problems of land exploitation in Zigui County,Three Gorges Reservoir Areas of China were presented.The sustainable development mode and its strategy in the Three Gorges Reservoir Areas was also discussed.A sustainable development framework for low mountain regions,middle mountain regions and high mountain regions was developed,and management countermeasures for structural optimization of complex ecosystems were advanced.     

降低污水处理成本 迎接入世挑战

本文从污水处理工艺的选择、设备比选，占地，能耗等诸多方面介绍了在设计中如何减少投资，降低污水处理成本的经验与体会，并提出了可行的方法与建议。     

Effects of environmental factors on the production and release of matrix-bound phosphine from lake sediments

Effects of pH, temperature, and oxygen on the production and release of phosphine in eutrophic lake sediments were investigated under laboratory tests. Results indicated that the elimination of matrix-bound phosphine was accelerated under initial pH 1 or 12. Phosphine levels could reach maximum under initial pH 10. The contents of phosphine increased with the addition of alkali under pH 4–12. The rates of phosphine production and release from lake sediments varied with temperature. 20°C was the most favorable temperature for the production of matrix-bound phosphine. Oxygen showed little effect on matrix-bound phosphine. Matrix-bound phosphine concentrations in lake sediments were concluded to be dependent on a balance of natural generation and depletion processes. Translated from Acta Scientise Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(5): 681–685 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Spatial distribution of ecological security status assessment of West-Liaohe River based on geographic information system

Eco-security assessment is a hot research area in resource and environmental science, which involves data with much spatial, non-linear, and random features. Geographic information system (GIS), as a useful tool to analyze and manage spatial information, has a superior advantage in this field. A case study in the western part of the Liaohe River featuring a method of eco-security spatial differences (ESSD) based on GIS is developed in this paper. The method includes four steps: 1) developing the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) framework with site data; 2) digitizing West-Liaohe River and setting its GRID database of ecosecurity assessment indicators; 3) figuring out the relative membership degree (RMD) of eco-security indicators by using the analytical hierarchy process with the weight of indicator; 4) classifying the security zone and mapping the assessment result of eco-security status in grid by GIS method of assigning and clustering. The visual spatial differences of eco-security based on GIS enables decision makers to know the status of eco-security better in making policies for achieving sustainability. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(5): 28–33 [译自: 环境科学]     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究（X）

卤素指周期表中第ⅦA族元素。由于卤素单质具有很高的化学活泼性，常常与活泼金属形成离子型盐，其中卤素是-1价阴离子。除氟外，卤素均显正氧化态（＋1，＋3，＋5，＋7），其化合物的键是极性共价键，其中最典型的是氯、溴、碘的含氧化合物和卤问化合物。在含氧化合物中常包含卤素与氧原子问的双键。     

含硫污水系统耐蚀材料的筛选与应用

针对西北地区一综合炼油厂含硫污水管线的严重腐蚀问题，分析了腐蚀原因，确立了材料筛选方案，通过实验室静态挂片试验绘制了重量损失率变化曲线和现场挂片等试验手段，筛选推荐出了树脂玻璃钢耐蚀材料。工业生产应用结果表明，MFE-2型树脂玻璃钢是适用于该厂含硫污水系统的耐蚀材料，为类似装置的长周期运行提供了借鉴和经验。     

台湾的环境与生态危机及解决思路--从石门水库淤积事件谈起

石门水库在桃园县，桃园县位于台湾省西北部，西北临台湾海峡，东北邻台北县，西南与新竹县、东南与宜兰县交界。全县面积1220平方千米。人口约135万。过去县内遍植桃树，开花时缤纷馨郁，全县如一个大花园。有“桃仔园”之称，后来设县正名为桃园。全县地形分为滨海平原、丘陵台地和高山地形三大部分，是台湾主要水稻产区之一，产量居全省第四位。