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151.
Influence of resorcinol chemical oxidation on the removal of resulting organic carbon by activated carbon adsorption 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Activated carbon adsorption and chemical oxidation followed by activated carbon adsorption of resorcinol in water has been studied. Three chemical oxidants have been used: hypochlorite, permanganate and Fenton's reagent. The influence of concentrations of resorcinol and activated carbon on adsorption removal rates has been investigated. Both isotherm and adsorption kinetics have been studied. Results are fit well by Freundlich isotherms and adsorption rates of resorcinol were found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. However, pyrogallol, an intermediate of resorcinol oxidation with permanganate and Fenton's reagent, showed an unfavourable isotherm type. At the conditions investigated, chemical oxidation allows slight reductions of TOC and intermediates formed were found to inhibit the adsorption rate of TOC in the case of permanganate and Fenton's reagent oxidation, likely due to formation of some polymer pyrogallol product. The adsorption process was found to be controlled by pore internal diffusion, which justifies the poor affinity of oxidation intermediates toward activated carbon since molecules of larger size should diffuse rapidly for the adsorption to be effective. 相似文献
152.
Intermediate distributions and primary yields of phenolic products in nitrobenzene degradation by Fenton's reagent 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nitrobenzene thermal degradation was investigated using the Fenton reagent in different experimental conditions. Reaction products were analyzed by HPLC, GC-MS, LC-MS and IC. The products obtained at different nitrobenzene conversion degrees show that degradation mainly involves successive hydroxylation steps of the aromatic ring and its subsequent opening followed by oxidation of corresponding aliphatic compounds. Our results show as primary reaction products: 4-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 2-nitrophenol, phenol and 1,3-dinitrobenzene, indicating that both hydroxylation and nitration reactions are involved. The formation of phenolic products can be explained by postulating an initial step of HO() addition to nitrobenzene ring. The mechanisms of primary reaction pathways are discussed and a detailed kinetic analysis to obtain the true primary yields of phenolic products is proposed. The relative yields observed for nitrophenol isomers do not follow the expected orientation according to deactivating characteristics of the nitro group but significantly depend on Fe(+2), Fe(+3), H(2)O(2) and O(2) concentrations. The understanding of the effect of reaction conditions on the relative product distribution benefits the application of Fenton and Fenton-like systems to waste water treatment. 相似文献
153.
Preparation and characterization of ceramic products by thermal treatment of sewage sludge ashes mixed with different additives 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The study of the ceramic characteristics of sludge ashes, alone or mixed with additives (kaolin, montmorillonite, illitic clay, powdered flat glass) includes characterization of additives, preparation of probes (dry or wet mixed), thermal treatment (up to 1200 degrees C, except melting or deformation) and control (densities, compressive strengths and water absorption). Thermal treatment increases the density and compressive strength of probes (both parameters go through maxima, with later decreases) and decreases the absorption of water. The densification is also revealed by the evolution of the ratio of decrease of volume/loss of mass. The maximum values of compressive strengths were obtained for 25% of illitic clay, montmorillonite and glass powder. Densification concerning probes with sludge ashes alone does not occur with kaolin. Experimental data were adjusted to exponential relationships between compressive strengths and densities for every composition, and also to a general equation for all probes. The apparent density obtained was adjusted to a non-linear dependence with temperature, leading to a maximum in density and permitting calculating the temperature of occurrence of this maximum. The adjustment was not possible for probes containing kaolin, requiring presumably higher temperatures to densify. Water absorption has low values for ashes or kaolin probes, intermediate values for illite and powdered flat glass probes and high values for montmorillonite probes. Excepting with kaolin, ceramic materials with better characteristics than sludge ashes without additives were obtained at lower treatment temperatures. 相似文献
154.
Changes in biomarkers of fish captured from stressed environments may represent a reliable tool in revealing sublethal effects of the pollutants found in aquatic ecosystems. The response patterns of selected biochemical and morphological variables biomarkers of effect were assessed in adult females of an indigenous teleost Cnesterodon decemmaculatus, caught at a polluted site (San Francisco) of the Reconquista river (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Combined field-caging experiments with controlled laboratory exposure to clean media were performed. The biochemical parameters measured were specific activities of gill (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, liver AlaAT and AspAT, and brain AChE; LSI and CF were also calculated. The changes in gill (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and liver AlaAT activities of fish captured in the field in most cases were reversible after transfer to clean media. The results were interpreted in association with the physicochemical profile of the water samples taken simultaneously with the capture of the fish. Results suggested the suitability of the test species used as tools in environmental monitoring programs of risk assessment. 相似文献
155.
Velini ED Galo ML Carvalho FT Martins D Cavenaghi AL Trindade ML Bravin LF Negrisoli E Antuniassi UR Simionato JL Santos SC 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2005,40(1):85-100
The general objective of this work was to develop a monitoring and management model for aquatic plants that could be used in reservoir cascades in Brazil, using the reservoirs of AES-Tietê as a study case. The investigations were carried out at the reservoirs of Barra-Bonita, Bariri, Ibitinga, Promiss?o, and Nova-Avanhandava, located in the Tietê River Basin; Agua Vermelha, located in the Grande River Basin; Caconde, Limoeiro, and Euclides da Cunha, which are part of the Pardo River Basin; and the Mogi-Gua?u reservoir, which belongs to the Mogi-Gua?u River basin. The main products of this work were: development of techniques using satellite-generated images for monitoring and planning aquatic plant control; planning and construction of a boat to move coating plant masses and an airboat equipped with a DGPS navigation and application flow control system. Results allowed to conclude that the occurrence of all types of aquatic plants is directly associated with sedimentation process and, consequently, with nutrient and light availability. Reservoirs placed at the beginning of cascades are more subject to sedimentation and occurrence of marginal, floating and emerged plants, and are the priority when it comes to controlling these plants, since they provide a supply of weeds for the other reservoirs. Reservoirs placed downstream show smaller amounts of water-suspended solids, with greater transmission of light and occurrence of submerged plants. 相似文献
156.
Fernando Díaz Alonso Enrique Gonzlez Ferrads Juan Francisco Snchez Prez Agustín Miana Aznar Jos Ruiz Gimeno Jesús Martínez Alonso 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2006,19(6):724-728
A number of models have been proposed to calculate overpressure and impulse from accidental industrial explosions. When the blast is produced by explosives, pyrotechnics or unstable substances, the TNT equivalent model is widely used. From the curves given by this model, data are fitted to obtain equations showing the relationship between overpressure, impulse and distance. These equations, referred to here as characteristic curves, can be fitted by means of power equations, which depend on the TNT equivalent mass. Characteristic curves allow determination of overpressure and impulse at each distance. 相似文献
157.
Marine water pollution affects many recreational sites around the world. It has impacts not only on recreational activities but also on health risks for those who come into direct contact with the water. Few economic studies have explicitly considered the health risks of bathing in polluted marine waters and none have attempted to separate health benefits from other benefits of marine water quality improvements. This paper uses stated preference techniques to separately evaluate the multiple benefits of improving the quality of marine recreational waters at the Estoril Coast in Portugal. The results indicate that health risk reductions are only a small fraction of the total social benefits of water quality improvements. 相似文献
158.
Su Yean Teh Donald L. DeAngelis Leonel da Silveira Lobo Sternberg Fernando R. Miralles-Wilhelm Thomas J. Smith Hock-Lye Koh 《Ecological modelling》2008
Sharp boundaries typically separate the salinity tolerant mangroves from the salinity intolerant hardwood hammock species, which occupy the similar geographical areas of southern Florida. Evidence of strong feedback between tree community-type and the salinity of the unsaturated (vadose) zone of the soil suggests that a severe disturbance that significantly tilts the salinity in the vadose zone might cause a shift from one vegetation type to the other. In this study, a model based upon the feedback dynamics between vegetation and salinity of the vadose zone of the soil was used to take account of storm surge events to investigate the mechanisms that by which this large-scale disturbance could affect the spatial pattern of hardwood hammocks and mangroves. Model simulation results indicated that a heavy storm surge that completely saturated the vadose zone at 30 ppt for 1 day could lead to a regime shift in which there is domination by mangroves of areas previously dominated by hardwood hammocks. Lighter storm surges that saturated the vadose zone at less than 7 ppt did not cause vegetation shifts. Investigations of model sensitivity analysis indicated that the thickness of the vadose zone, coupled with precipitation, influenced the residence time of high salinity in the vadose zone and therefore determined the rate of mangrove domination. The model was developed for a southern Florida coastal ecosystem, but its applicability may be much broader. 相似文献
159.
Rim Khlifi Pablo Olmedo Fernando Gil Molka Feki-Tounsi Bouthaina Hammami Ahmed Rebai Amel Hamza-Chaffai 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(2):761-779
The human health impact of the historic and current mining and industrial activities in Tunisia is not known. This study assessed the exposure to metals in the population of Southern Tunisia, using biomonitoring. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate metal exposure on 350 participants living near mining and active industrial areas in the South of Tunisia. Blood specimens were analyzed for metals (Cd, Cr, As, and Ni) by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer equipped with Zeeman background correction and AS-800 auto sampler by graphite furnace and graphite tubes with integrated L'vov platform. The sample population was classified according to different age groups, sex, smoking habit, sea food and water drinking consumption, occupational exposure, amalgam fillings and place of residence. The blood As, Cd, Cr and Ni values expressed as mean?±?SD were 1.56?±?2.49, 0.74?±?1.15, 35.04?±?26.02 and 30.56?±?29.96 μg/l, respectively. Blood Cd and Ni levels in smokers were 2 and 1.2 times, respectively, higher than in non-smokers. Blood Cd levels increase significantly with age (p?=?0.002). As, Cd and Ni were significantly correlated with gender and age (p?<?0.05). Cd level in blood samples of subjects occupationally exposed was 1.3 times higher than that of non-exposed. Blood metals were not significantly affected by amalgam fillings, place of living and sea food and drinking water consumption. This first biomonitoring study of metal exposure in the South of Tunisia reveals a substantial exposure to several metals. The pathways of exposure and health significance of these findings need to be further investigated. 相似文献
160.
Masiá Paula Ardura Alba Gaitán Mario Gerber Steve Rayon-Viña Fernando Garcia-Vazquez Eva 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(24):30722-30731
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Plastic pollution is a major environmental issue that affects coasts all around the world. Many studies point out the importance of a better... 相似文献