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91.
Detrital flows through the feeding pathway of the oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in a tropical shallow lagoon: δ13C signals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The spatial relationships and linkage of the detrital flows among the water column, the sediment and the oyster Crassostrea gigas cultured in the water column were examined by using stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) in a tropical shallow lagoon from October 1996 to June 1997. The lagoon is located in southwestern Taiwan and is isolated
from the sea by sand barriers except at two tidal inlets. It receives freshwater mainly from two rivers. A total of 12 stations
were set up along three transect lines, each running across the lagoon from riverine to tidal inlet localities. The δ13C values of the water-column POM exhibited a marked sea–river gradient, with values depleted from a high of −21.7‰ at seaward
stations to a low of −28.2‰ at riverine stations; those in the sedimentary POM (<62 μm grain size) also revealed this trend,
but to a lesser extent. Oysters of two known ages, 6 months old (“old oysters”) and newly settled individuals (“young oysters”),
were transplanted from one station to each of the remaining stations, while some were left at the original station. Values
of δ13C in the muscle of transplanted oysters changed in parallel with the sea–river gradient of δ13C in POM (decreasing from −16.0 to −18.5‰ in old oysters and from −16.8 to −21.9‰ in young ones). The spatial sea–river gradient
of the oyster's δ13C is related not only to the distance between the site that the oyster inhabits and sea or riverine environment, but also
to the tidal flow pattern that surrounds its feeding place. Although the δ13C value of the sedimentary POM was correlated with that of the water-column POM, the δ13C value of the oyster tissue was significantly correlated with that of the water-column POM, but not with that of the sedimentary
POM. This suggests that the oyster feeds primarily on water-column rather than sedimentary POM.
Received: 30 April 1999 / Accepted: 15 December 1999 相似文献
92.
93.
Li-Ying Hsieh Su-Ching Kuo Chien-Lung Chen Ying I. Tsai 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(29):4396-4406
The distribution of nano/micron dicarboxylic acids and inorganic ions in size-segregated suburban aerosol of southern Taiwan was studied for a PM episode and a non-episodic pollution period, revealing for the first time the distribution of these nanoscale particles in suburban aerosols. Inorganic species, especially nitrate, were present in higher concentrations during the PM episode. A combination of gas-to-nuclei conversion of nitrate particles and accumulation of secondary photochemical products originating from traffic-related emissions was likely a crucial cause of the PM episode. Sulfate, ammonium, and oxalic acid were the dominant anion, cation, and dicarboxylic acid, respectively, accounting for a minimum of 49% of the total anion, cation or dicarboxylic acid mass. Peak concentrations of these species occurred at 0.54 μm in the droplet mode during both non-episodic and PM episode periods, indicating an association with cloud-processed particles. On average, sulfate concentration was 16–17 times that of oxalic acid. Oxalic acid was nevertheless the most abundant dicarboxylic acid during both periods, followed by succinic, malonic, maleic, malic and tartaric acid. The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of oxalic acid was 0.77 μm with a bi-modal presence at 0.54 μm and 18 nm during non-episodic pollution and an MMAD of 0.67 μm with mono-modal presence at 0.54 μm in PM episode aerosol. The concomitant formation of malonic acid and oxalic acid was attributed to in-cloud processes. During the PM episode in the 5–100 nm nanoscale range, an oxalic acid/sulfate mass ratio of 40.2–82.3% suggested a stronger formation potential for oxalic acid than for sulfate in the nuclei mode. For total cations (TC), total inorganic anions (TIA) and total dicarboxylic acids (TDA), major contributing particles were in the droplet mode, with least in the nuclei mode. The ratio of TDA to TIA in the nuclei mode increased greatly from 8.40% during the non-episodic pollution period to 28.08% during the PM episode, favoring dicarboxylic acid formation in the nuclei mode. The evidence suggests stronger formation strength and contribution potential exists for dicarboxylic acids than for inorganic salts in nanoscale particles, especially in PM episode aerosol. 相似文献
94.
Bioretention is a low-impact technology used for the treatment of stormwater runoff in developed areas. The fates of mineral nitrogen compounds in two bioretention columns (RP1 and RP2) with different media-layering characteristics were investigated under multiple loadings of simulated urban runoff. The immediate capture of nitrogen was evaluated, with nitrogen transformation reactions that occurred during the drying periods between rainfall events. A greater proportion of ammonium was removed from runoff in RP2 (68 +/- 16%), which had a high permeability layer over a lower permeability layer, than in RP1 (12 +/- 6%), which had the inverse configuration. Both column systems demonstrated nitrate export (9 +/- 32% and 54 +/- 22% greater than input for RP1 and RP2, respectively), attributed to washout of nitrate resulting from nitrification processes between runoff loading events. Bioretention media with a less permeable bottom soil layer could form an anoxic/anaerobic zone for promoting nitrification/denitrification processes. 相似文献
95.
Tsai Wen-Tien Chen Chien-Cheng Lin Yu-Quan Hsiao Chen-Feng Tsai Chi-Hung Hsieh Ming-Hsien 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(3):1288-1294
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Motor vehicles are indicative of transportation facilities in every country. In this regard, tires are important commodities of domestic and... 相似文献
96.
W T Tsai C Y Chang M C Lin S F Chien H F Sun M F Hsieh 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2001,36(3):365-378
Activated carbons were prepared from the agricultural waste of sugarcane bagasse by the chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at the activation temperature of 500 degrees C with soaking time of 0.5 hour. The influence of activation parameters on the final carbon products was examined by varying the impregnation ratio (i.e., mass ratio of added ZnCl2 to bagasse) and bagasse size. The physical properties of carbon products were characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms (at 77 K) and helium displacement method. The surface area and pore volume of carbons were thus obtained by the BET equation and t-plot method. Also, the particle density and porosity of carbons were estimated by the total pore volume and true density. The increases of the values of surface area and pore volume are approximately proportional to the impregnation ratio. The microporous carbon product with the BET surface area of 905 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.44 cm3/g was obtained in the present study. Further, the adsorption isotherms of two acid dyes from aqueous solutions onto the carbon products were performed at 30 degrees C. The results show that the adsorption isotherms of acid dyes with high molecular weight or large molecular size on the microporous adsorbents of activated carbons are plateau forms, indicating multilayer adsorptions, which may be attributed to the steric hindrance of the adsorbate molecules. 相似文献
97.
Dietary separation between two blennies and the Pacific gregory in northern Taiwan: evidence from stomach content and stable isotope analyses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cheng-Tze Ho Shuh-Ji Kao Chang-Feng Dai Hwey-Lian Hsieh Fuh-Kwo Shiah Rong-Quen Jan 《Marine Biology》2007,151(2):729-736
Two blennies, Ecsenius lineatus Klausewitz and Ecsenius namiyei (Jordan and Evermann), and a cohabiting territorial damselfish, the Pacific gregory, Stegastes fasciolatus (Ogilby), were collected from shallow reefs in northern Taiwan between September and November 2004, and in October 2005 for
stomach content and δ
13C and δ
15N analyses in an effort to study how extensively their food sources overlapped and to delineate the pattern of cohabiting
interactions. These analyses showed differences in food use between the Ecsenius blennies and S. fasciolatus. However, there were inconsistencies. Epiphytic algae were their major food items of E. namiyei and E. lineatus. Macroalgae were rarely taken. Nevertheless, δ
13C and δ
15N signatures suggested that E. namiyei and E. lineatus might have assimilated mainly macroalgae-derived detritus instead of epiphytic algae. In contrast, macroalgae were the major
food items of S. fasciolatus, followed by epiphytic algae. Differences in both δ
13C and 15N values indicated that for S. fasciolatus, algae (both macroalgae and epiphytic algae) might not be as important as the stomach contents showed. Instead, polychaetes
were possibly its major food source. Differences between stomach contents and evidence from the separation of stable isotope
signatures between blennies and the Pacific gregory indicate that some of the interspecific interactions derived from exploitative
competition may have been alleviated. Moreover, their widespread territory overlap is possibly a sign of mutualism: S. fasciolatus allows territory sharing, while Ecsenius blennies, in return, clean up the algal mat by removing sand and detritus. 相似文献
98.
Eighty-eight high-risk pregnancies, 81 for homozygous α-thalassaemia 1 and 7 for haemoglobin (Hb) H disease, were collected in this study. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was done in 63 cases and amniocentesis in 25 cases to obtain fetal cells. Southern blotting and DNA hybridization with α- and φζ-globin gene probes were used to determine the α-globin gene status. In two non-informative families with non-deletional mutations, DNA analysis failed to rule out the affected condition, and fetal blood sampling (FBS) and Hb electrophoresis were used for the final diagnosis. In the 81 fetuses at risk for homozygous α-thalassaemia 1, 17 (13 by CVS and 4 by amniocentesis) were afffected, 30 were α-thalassaemia 1 heterozygotes, 19 were normal, and the remaining 15 were either normal or heterozygous. In the seven fetuses at risk for Hb H disease, one was normal, three were α-thalassaemia 1 heterozygotes, two were α-thalassaemia 2 heterozygotes, and one was affected with Hb H disease and developed hydrops fetalis. DNA analysis on fetal cells enabled us to diagnose prenatally severe α-thalassaemias, to prevent the birth of infants with Hb H disease, and to minimize maternal obstetrical complications from harbouring a fetus with Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis. 相似文献
99.
Chang MC Shu HY Hsieh WP Wang MC 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(8):1200-1207
The sites contaminated with recalcitrant organic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with multiple benzene rings, are colossal and ubiquitous environmental problems. They are relatively nonbiodegradable and mutagenic, and 16 of them are listed in the U.S. Environment Protection Agency priority pollutants. Thus, the efficient and emerging remediation technologies for removal of PAHs in contaminated sites have to be uncovered urgently. In this decade, the zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles have been used successfully in the laboratory, pilot, and field, such as degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons and remediation of the other pollutants. Nevertheless, as far as we know, little research has investigated for soil remediation; this study used nanoscale ZVI particles to remove pyrene in the soil. The experimental variables were determined, including reaction time, iron particle size, and dosage. From the results, both the micro- and nanoscales of ZVI were capable of removing the target compound in soil, but the higher removal efficiencies were by nanoscale ZVI because of the massive specific surface area. The optimal operating conditions to attain the best removal efficiency of pyrene were obtained while adding nanoscale ZVI 0.1 g/g soil within 60 min and 150 rpm of mixing. Thus, nanoscale ZVI has proved to be a promising remedy for PAH-contaminated soil in this study, as well as an optimistically predictable application for additional pilot and field studies. 相似文献
100.
Two vehicle tunnels located in the Taipei area were selected to study the ozone formation potential of volatile aromatic compounds (VACs). Air samples in the two tunnels were collected using canisters. Analysis of VACs was conducted with a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer. The total VOCs concentrations in Zefun tunnel ranged from 483.5 to 1032.2 (micrograms/m3) which increased with the increase in traffic volume. In the Lishin tunnel, the total VACs concentration ranged from 356.6 to 1961.3 (micrograms/m3) which was not well correlated with the traffic volume. The most predominant VACs in these vehicle tunnels were toluene and xylenes. Although the traffic volume and types of vehicles were not exactly the same, the characteristic ratios of the VACs concentrations were found to be similar. These results indicated that the existence of a specific characteristic ratio of VAC concentration was affected by the mobile sources. The maximum ozone formation potential resulted from the vehicles in the Lishin motorcycle tunnel which had higher values than the Zefun tunnel and much higher than the SPECIATE databases in the US via weighting the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) scale. 相似文献