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排序方式: 共有329条查询结果,搜索用时 671 毫秒
201.
Several investigations were carried out on biotic and abiotic samples to determine the difference between Chernobyl and preChernobyl environmental radiocontamination of the Adriatic Sea. Special emphasis was put on the determination of 137Cs which resulted in the most abundant radionuclide in a wide variety of samples (sea water, sediment, pelagic and benthic species). Attention was also given to the neutron activation products 110mAg and 134Cs that were first discovered in the Adriatic ecosystem after the Chernobyl event in particular, although the 110Ag fallout deposition over the area was neglected in comparison to that of 137Cs, its bioaccumulation in macroalgae and molluscs was much higher suggesting some particular physiological accumulation mechanism. 相似文献
202.
203.
Montano Luigi Donato Francesco Bianco Pietro Massimiliano Lettieri Gennaro Guglielmino Antonino Motta Oriana Bonapace Ian Marc Piscopo Marina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(28):37031-37040
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The epidemic of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted worldwide with its infectious spread and mortality... 相似文献
204.
Stefania Rocca André van Zomeren Giulia Costa Joris J. Dijkstra Rob N.J. Comans Francesco Lombardi 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(2):373-381
The focus of this study was to identify the main compounds affecting the weight changes of bottom ash (BA) in conventional loss on ignition (LOI) tests and to obtain a better understanding of the individual processes in heterogeneous (waste) materials such as BA. Evaluations were performed on BA samples from a refuse derived fuel incineration (RDF-I) plant and a hospital waste incineration (HW-I) plant using thermogravimetric analysis and subsequent mass spectrometry (TG–MS) analysis of the gaseous thermal decomposition products. Results of TG–MS analysis on RDF-I BA indicated that the LOI measured at 550 °C was due to moisture evaporation and dehydration of Ca(OH)2 and hydrocalumite. Results for the HW-I BA showed that LOI at 550 °C was predominantly related to the elemental carbon (EC) content of the sample. Decomposition of CaCO3 around 700 °C was identified in both materials. In addition, we have identified reaction mechanisms that underestimate the EC and overestimate the CaCO3 contents of the HW-I BA during TG–MS analyses. These types of artefacts are expected to occur also when conventional LOI methods are adopted, in particular for materials that contain CaO/Ca(OH)2 in combination with EC and/or organic carbon, such as e.g. municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom and fly ashes. We suggest that the same mechanisms that we have found (i.e. in situ carbonation) can also occur during combustion of the waste in the incinerator (between 450 and 650 °C) demonstrating that the presence of carbonate in bottom ash is not necessarily indicative for weathering. These results may also give direction to further optimization of waste incineration technologies with regard to stimulating in situ carbonation during incineration and subsequent potential improvement of the leaching behavior of bottom ash. 相似文献
205.
206.
Alice D'Amico Danilo Buca Giuseppe Rizzo Asma Khalil Claudia Silvi Alexander Makatsariya Luigi Nappi Marco Liberati Francesco D'Antonio 《黑龙江环境通报》2021,41(4):391-399
The main aim of this systematic review was to explore the outcome of fetuses with isolated echogenic bowel (EB) on antenatal ultrasound. Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancies with isolated EB no associated major structural anomalies at the time of diagnosis. The outcomes observed were: chromosomal anomalies, cystic fibrosis (CF), associated structural anomalies detected only at follow-up scans and at birth, regression during pregnancy, congenital infections, intra-uterine (IUD), neonatal (NND) and perinatal (PND) death. Twenty-five studies (12 971 fetuses) were included. Chromosomal anomalies occurred in 3.3% of the fetuses, mainly Trisomy 21 and aneuploidies involving the sex chromosomes. Cystic fibrosis occurred in 2.2%. Congenital infections affected 2.2%, mainly congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The majority of fetuses with EB experienced regression or disappearance of the EB at follow-up scans. Associated anomalies were detected at a follow-up scan in 1.8%. Associated anomalies were detected at birth and missed at ultrasound in 2.1% of cases. IUD occurred in 3.2% of cases while the corresponding figures for NND and PND were 0.4% and 3.1%. Fetuses with EB are at increased risk of adverse perinatal outcome, highlighting the need for a thorough antenatal management and postnatal follow-up. Assessment during pregnancy and after birth should be performed in order to look for signs of fetal aneuploidy, congenital infections and associated structural anomalies. 相似文献
207.
Alessandra Pugnetti Francesco Acri Luisa Alberighi Donato Barletta Mauro Bastianini Fabrizio Bernardi-Aubry Andrea Berton Franco Bianchi Giorgio Socal Cecilia Totti 《Chemistry and Ecology》2004,20(6):399-409
Taxonomic composition, biomass, primary production and growth rates of the phytoplankton community were studied in two stations in the NW Adriatic Sea on a seasonal basis, in areas characterized by differing hydrological and trophic conditions. The main differences between the two stations were quantitative rather than qualitative, most phytoplankton species being common to both stations. The effects of differing nutrient concentrations and plume spreading were evident. Biomass and primary production rates were significantly higher in the coastal station (S1), and the phytoplankton distribution in the water column was markedly stratified in S1 and more even in the offshore station (S3). However, chlorophyll a specific production, potential growth rate and production efficiencies were very similar in both stations, even when phosphorus concentrations were limiting. A discrepancy between potential and actual growth rate was observed: as a feature common to both stations, comparisons between potential and actual growth rates revealed that little carbon produced by phytoplankton accumulated as algal biomass; therefore, very high loss rates were estimated. 相似文献
208.
Violeta Velikova Tsonko Tsonev Mauro Centritto Miroslava Stefanova Francesco Loreto 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(10):2629-2637
To investigate the interactive effects of increasing [CO2] and heat wave occurrence on isoprene (IE) and methanol (ME) emissions, Platanus orientalis was grown for one month in ambient (380 μmol mol−1) or elevated (800 μmol mol−1) [CO2] and exposed to high temperature (HT) (38 °C/4 h). In pre-existing leaves, IE emissions were always higher but ME emissions lower as compared to newly-emerged leaves. They were both stimulated by HT. Elevated [CO2] significantly reduced IE in both leaf types, whereas it increased ME in newly-emerged leaves only. In newly-emerged leaves, elevated [CO2] decreased photosynthesis and altered the chloroplast ultrastructure and membrane integrity. These harmful effects were amplified by HT. HT did not cause any unfavorable effects in pre-existing leaves, which were characterized by inherently higher IE rates. We conclude that: (1) these results further prove the isoprene's putative thermo-protective role of membranes; (2) HT may likely outweigh the inhibitory effects of elevated [CO2] on IE in the future. 相似文献
209.
Evaluation of biodegradation kinetic constants for aromatic compounds by means of aerobic batch experiments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kinetics of aerobic biodegradation have been investigated for twenty aromatic species using sludges collected from the aeration basin of municipal sewage treatment plants. The reproducibility of the results is tested with respect to the sludges period of collection and the wastewater treatment plant where they are taken. The comparison of kinetic constants, estimated for the investigated chemicals, allows to evaluate the reactivity effect of single groups (i.e., -OH, -CH3, -Cl, -NO2) into the aromatic structures. The search for easy structure-reactivity relationships is also attempted by means of contributing group methods. 相似文献
210.
Pharmaceuticals in the Environment in Italy: Causes, Occurrence, Effects and Control 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Zuccato E Castiglioni S Fanelli R Reitano G Bagnati R Chiabrando C Pomati F Rossetti C Calamari D 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(1):15-21
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.01.004
Background, Aim and Scope Environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals is an emerging issue. Until recently, information on medicinal substances
released into the environment was scant, but several studies have now been published. Data are, however, usually scattered
and a systematic approach to this subject is generally lacking. Moreover, because of differences in the prevalence of diseases,
treatment habits and options, or simply for market reasons, the pollution profile can differ significantly in different countries.
The aim of this work is to review the papers dealing with environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals in Italy, with the
aim of providing a comprehensive view on a national scale.
Methods Papers related to environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals in Italy were reviewed, in order to offer a comprehensive
view of this subject. Topics included analysis, occurrence, monitoring, modelling, treatment, control of the emissions, and
ecotoxicological effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment.
Results and Conclusion The literature suggests that pharmaceuticals are widespread contaminants, entering the environment from a myriad of scattered
points. Patients, in case of drugs for human use, or animals for veterinary drugs, are the main sources of contamination.
Pharmaceuticals can be ranked according to environmental loads, predicted by multiplying sales figures by the rate of metabolism
in man or animals. Priority pharmaceuticals, i.e. the molecules of concern for the environment, can be measured in waste and
surface water by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the loads detected are generally comparable to the predicted
ones. Pharmaceuticals are designed to stimulate a response in humans and animals at low doses, with a very specific target,
so the implications for human health and the environment need to be assessed. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that pharmaceutical
principles, taken singularly or in combinations, and concentrations close to those detected in the environment, may have ecotoxicological
effects. The sewage system is an important point in the control of contamination, but sewage treatment plants are not able
efficiently to abate a substantial part of water-borne pharmaceuticals. Several variables play a role, however, in the processes
of waste water treatment, and could be specifically adjusted to improve the efficiency of drug abatement, mitigating the potential
environmental hazards.
Recommendation and Perspective Pharmaceuticals in the environment are becoming a subject of global concern, with potential environmental consequences. Further
knowledge of the causes, occurrence and effects of drugs as environmental pollutants is necessary for a better understanding
of this ecological issue, as well as to improve abatement strategies, and to mitigate subtle environmental consequences. 相似文献