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111.
112.
Simulating pesticide leaching and runoff in rice paddies with the RICEWQ-VADOFT model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Miao Z Cheplick MJ Williams MW Trevisan M Padovani L Gennari M Ferrero A Vidotto F Capri E 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(6):2189-2199
There is a current need to simulate leaching and runoff of pesticide from rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddies for assessing environmental impacts on a valuable agricultural system. The objective of this study was to develop a model for determining predicted environmental concentration (PEC) in soil, runoff, and ground water through the linkage of two models, rice water quality model (RICEWQ) and vadose zone transport model (VADOFT), to simulate pesticide fate and transport within a rice paddy and underlying soil profile. Model performance was evaluated with a field data set obtained from a 2-yr field experiment in 1997 and 1998 in northern Italy. The predictions of amount of pesticide running off from the paddy field and accumulating in the paddy sediment were in agreement with measured values. Leaching into the vadose zone accounted for approximately 19% of the applied dose, but only a small amount of chemical (<0.1%) was predicted to reach ground water at a 5-m depth due to sorption and transformation in the soil. The permeability of the soil and the water management practices in the paddy field were shown to have a strong influence on pesticide fate. These factors need to be well characterized in the field if model predictions are to be successful. The combined model developed in this work is an effective tool for exposure assessments for soil, surface water, and ground water, in the particular conditions of rice cultivation. 相似文献
113.
Island biogeographic theory offers a powerful conceptual framework for understanding and managing insular diversity. The human
impact on insular environments is constantly growing, especially because of tourism. We performed a simulation study aimed
at improving the understanding of the role of disturbance in islands. We also built an individual-oriented computer model
of an archipelago subjected to chronic disturbance of varying degree. Results are discussed in the light of island biogeographic
theory. Relevant results show the importance of autoecological characteristics of the species considered, regarding the attainment
of equilibrium and the species-area relationship in both disturbed and undisturbed cases. The possibility of bias in the predictions
of the equilibrium model is pointed out. Fundamental criticisms concerning the ecological relevance of the equilibrium theory
are discussed. 相似文献
114.
115.
Werdin González Jorge Omar Jesser Emiliano Nicolás Yeguerman Cristhian Alan Ferrero Adriana Alicia Fernández Band Beatriz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):17006-17015
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are vectors of important parasites and pathogens causing death, poverty and social disability worldwide. The overuse... 相似文献
116.
Alberto Turco MD Bernard Peissel Piero Quaia Raffaella Morandi Luciano Bovicelli Pier Franco Pignatti 《黑龙江环境通报》1992,12(6):513-524
A prenatal diagnosis was carried out on a 9-week-old fetus at risk for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Ten members of the family were previously typed using five DNA markers linked to the PKD1 locus on chromosome 16, and one marker linked to the putative PKD2 locus on chromosome 2. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the D16S125 locus. Pairwise and multipoint lod scores indicated that the family was most likely segregating a PKD1 mutation. The fetus inherited the disease haplotype from the affected parent. Diagnostic accuracy was greater than 99 per cent, taking into account the possibility of genetic heterogeneity. 相似文献
117.
Vanessa Bonatti Zilá Luz Paulino Simões Fernando Faria Franco Tiago Mauricio Francoy 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(1):17-24
Melipona subnitida, a tropical stingless bee, is an endemic species of the Brazilian northeast and exhibits great potential for honey and pollen production in addition to its role as one of the main pollinators of the Caatinga biome. To understand the genetic structure and better assist in the conservation of this species, we characterized the population variability of M. subnitida using geometric morphometrics of the forewing and cytochrome c oxidase I gene fragment sequencing. We collected workers from six localities in the northernmost distribution. Both methodologies indicated that the variability among the sampled populations is related both to the environment in which samples were collected and the geographical distance between the sampling sites, indicating that differentiation among the populations is due to the existence of at least evolutionary lineages. Molecular clock data suggest that this differentiation may have begun in the middle Pleistocene, approximately 396 kya. The conservation of all evolutionary lineages is important since they can present differential resistance to environmental changes, as resistance to drought and diseases. 相似文献
118.
119.
C. Solidoro V.E. Brando D. Franco R. Pastres G. Pecenik C. Dejak 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》1997,2(1-2):65-71
A 3D reaction‐diffusion model is presented, which describes the dynamics of two communities of primary producers, phytoplankton and macroalgae, and their effects on the oxygen balance in the lagoon of Venice. The model includes ten state variables: zooplankton, phytoplankton and Ulva rigida densities, nitrogen concentration in Ulva (quota), ammonium, nitrate and orthophosphate concentration in water, detritus, dissolved oxygen and water temperature. The spatial distribution of Ulva shows a well defined pattern, also with homogeneous initial conditions. Such distributions become closer to the real ones when the initial conditions for Ulva are obtained by processing remote sensing data. The massive presence of Ulva greatly affects the DO balance, as hypossic crises occur in the core of Ulva colonies in the early morning, as a consequence of respiration. 相似文献
120.
Paolo Cabras Alberto Angioni Vincenzo L. Garau Marinella Melis Filippo. M. Pirisi Franco Cabitza 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):1189-1199
Abstract Residues of three pesticides (dimethoate, parathion, and pyrazophos) in two artichoke cultivars, Masedu and Spinoso sardo, were investigated. The amount of pesticides in artichokes was greatly affected by the head shape. In the case of the calix‐shaped Masedu artichoke, the residues in whole heads at commercial ripening were on average about twice higher than those of the pagoda‐shaped Spinoso sardo artichoke. In the heart this ratio was 4 to 42 times greater. Residue decay rates were very fast, mainly owing to the dilution effect due to head growth. 相似文献