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Franz Huber 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1992,79(9):393-406
Crickets, tettigoniids (bush crickets or long-horned grasshoppers) and acridids (short-horned grasshoppers) are well-suited animals to study acoustically mediated behavior and to search for the underlying sensory, nervous, and effector mechanisms. Several behavioral tactics are described which improve reproductive success, serve to avoid predators such as bats, or have been developed for defence against parasitic insects. Phonotactic orientation of female crickets toward the calling male was chosen, since for this behavior the underlying sensory and nervous mechanisms have been intensively studied. Song recognition was found to be based on one critical parameter of the song, thesyllable period, and the females show abandpass behavior for which a correlate exists inlocal brain neurons. Sound orientation is based on apressure gradient mechanism in each ear, and it needs abinaural intensity comparison within the central nervous system. With intracellular recordings from auditory interneurons during phonotactic orientation and their manipulation, a cellular correlate could be found which obeys the rule “turn to the side most strongly stimulated”. 相似文献
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Mlynek Franz Himmelsbach Markus Buchberger Wolfgang Klampfl Christian W. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(42):59382-59390
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of four beta-blockers by the model plant Lepidium sativum (garden cress) and their possible... 相似文献
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Hesti Lestari Tata Meine van Noordwijk Denis Ruysschaert Rachmat Mulia Subekti Rahayu Elok Mulyoutami Atiek Widayati Andree Ekadinata Riswan Zen Adji Darsoyo Rahayu Oktaviani Sonya Dewi 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2014,19(6):693-713
Tripa is the last remaining peat-swamp forest that harbours a potentially viable Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) sub-population in a formally but not effectively protected area. It appears to be a simple showcase where current efforts to financially support reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) converge with biodiversity and social co-benefits. In practice, however, situation is more complex. REDD+ efforts interact with global palm oil trade and regulatory approaches (the moratorium) to achieve national goals for emissions reduction under umbrella of nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMA). To contextualize this debate, we assessed (i) land-use history and formal basis of palm-oil companies’ rights; (ii) carbon (C) stocks, historical emission levels and potential emissions that can be avoided; (iii) economic benefits of land-use options and opportunity costs of avoiding emissions; (iv) biodiversity and environmental services; and (v) alternative options for “high C stock development” and employment generation. Natural forest cover declined (54 % in 1995, 18 % in 2009) while oil palm increased 4–39 %. Aboveground C stocks decreased from 148 Mg ha?1 in 1990 to 61 Mg ha?1 in 2009, leading to average annual emissions of 14.5 Mg (carbon dioxide) CO2e ha?1 year?1. While 41 % of these emissions yield less than American Dollar (USD) 5 of current economic benefits per Mg CO2e emitted and might be compensated by REDD+, nearly all new emissions derive from a breach of existing laws, regulations and voluntary palm-oil standards. Substantial investment in alternative employment is needed, rather than carbon payments per se, to support livelihoods in a low carbon emissions economy. 相似文献
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Mechanistic effect models for ecological risk assessment of chemicals (MEMoRisk)—a new SETAC-Europe Advisory Group 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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François Munoz Franz Bogner Pierre Clement Graça S. Carvalho 《Journal of environmental psychology》2009
By using an original framework involving complementary statistical approaches, we investigated the environmental attitudes of 6379 pre-service and in-service teachers in 16 countries of Europe and its neighbourhood. To test hypotheses about the nature of environmental attitudes, we examined the variation across groups of individuals (between-class analysis), investigated the independent effects of several candidate explanatory factors (orthogonal analysis), and finally inspected potential relationships between conceptions on a variety of topics (co-inertia analysis). 相似文献
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Work teams are being utilized more frequently to give organizations access to the broader knowledge and skill base of employees, as well as to provide for adaptive, efficient decision‐making. In teams, we argue that constructive confrontation norms are an important contingency variable in the relationship between mental model similarity and decision quality. Mental model similarity helps team members understand one another's perspectives and reduces the likelihood of conflict. Accordingly, mental model similarity improves decision quality. When strong norms of constructive confrontation are in place, however, teams are in a better position to reap the benefits of conflict (greater diversity of inputs) without experiencing its negative consequences. Thus, when constructive confrontation norms are strong, less mental model similarity (i.e., more diversity of perspectives) is likely to improve decision quality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献