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161.
Robin S. Reid Philip K. Thornton Graeme J. McCrabb Russell L. Kruska Fred Atieno Peter G. Jones 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2004,6(1-2):91-109
Climate change science has been discussed and synthesized by the world's best minds at unprecedented scales. Now that the Kyoto Protocol may become a reality, it is time to be realistic about the likelihood of success of mitigation activities. Pastoral lands in the tropics hold tremendous sequestration potential but also strong challenges to potential mitigation efforts. Here we present new analyses of the global distribution of pastoral systems in the tropics and the changes they will likely undergo in the next 50 years. We then briefly summarize current mitigation options for these lands. We then conclude by attempting a pragmatic look at the realities of mitigation. Mitigation activities have the greatest chance of success if they build on traditional pastoral institutions and knowledge (excellent communication, strong understanding of ecosystem goods and services) and provide pastoral people with food security benefits at the same time. 相似文献
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Substantial efforts have been devoted to accident investigations, but do we gain a reasonable benefit from these efforts? The current study explores multilevel (individual, company, sector/trade, authorities) learning from major accidents and serious incidents. Specifically, this involves identifying a set of learning criteria, i.e. factors or indicators that potentially support and contribute to multilevel learning processes. Identifying such criteria is based on: (i) the accident investigation process, (ii) the follow-up efforts, and (iii) contextual aspects. Three Norwegian accident investigations in transportation (aviation, marine, rail) represent the empirical foundation for the study. Learning criteria were derived by both document analyses from the accidents (e.g. investigation reports) and literature reviews on organizational learning. These were the basis for a workshop regarding learning from accidents, with participants from the aviation, marine, and rail sector. Key results from this workshop are presented and discussed. The study concludes by presenting a set of criteria for learning from accidents. 相似文献
164.
Fred C. Payne Suthan S. Suthersan Denice K. Nelson Gus Suarez Ian Tasker Naji Akladiss 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2006,17(1):5-21
An Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC) forum was recently held that focused on six case studies in which bioremediation of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) was performed. The objective was to demonstrate that there is credible evidence for bioremediation as a viable environmental remediation technology. A discussion of the first case study from the ITRC forum was published in the previous issue of Remediation. This article presents a discussion of the second case study, which involves enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) of tetrachloroethene (PCE) in unconsolidated soils—primarily silts and clays with very low permeabilities. The project results indicate that complete reductive dechlorination was achieved and provide encouragement that large amounts of nonaqueous solvent can be brought into the reductive dechlorination treatment process by dissolution and desorption, giving support to the contention that the capacity to attack nonaqueous mass is a prerequisite for any effective treatment of DNAPL source zones. The site geology for this project was relatively unfavorable, and further work is needed to confirm that the ERD technology can economically reach a natural attenuation endpoint for this type of setting. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
165.
Anja Widdig Wolf Jürgen Streich Peter Nürnberg Peter J. P. Croucher Fred B. Bercovitch Michael Krawczak 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,61(2):205-214
When agonistic interventions are nepotistic, individuals are expected to side more often with kin but less often against kin in comparison with non-kin. As yet, however, few mammal studies have been in a position to test the validity of this assertion with respect to paternal relatedness. We therefore used molecular genetic kinship testing to assess whether adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from the free-ranging colony of Cayo Santiago (Puerto Rico) bias their interventions in ongoing dyadic aggressive interactions towards maternal and paternal half-sisters compared with unrelated females. It turned out that females supported maternal half-sisters significantly more often than paternal half-sisters or non-kin regardless of the costs associated with such interventions. Similarly, females targeted maternal half-sisters significantly less often than non-kin when this was associated with high costs. Unrelated females provided significantly higher mean rates of both high- and low-cost support to each other than did paternal half-sisters. However, females targeted paternal half-sisters significantly less often than non-kin when targeting was at low cost, suggesting that females refrain from intervening against paternal half-sisters. Our data confirm the general view that coalition formation in female mammals is a function of both the level of maternal relatedness and of the costs of intervention. The patterns of coalition formation among paternal kin were found to be more complex, and may also differ across species, but clear evidence for paternal kin discrimination was observed in female rhesus as predicted by kin selection theory. 相似文献
166.
Fred W. Allendorf 《Conservation biology》1997,11(5):1045-1046
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Edwin Barth Richard Rupert Fred Stroud Eugene Rice Bruce Potoka 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2003,13(3):99-111
The intentional dissemination of Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) spores at multiple locations in the United States in the fall of 2001 resulted not only in several deaths and illnesses (including psychological effects), but likely changed lifestyles and attitudes, and increased the public's awareness of individual vulnerability. While federal resources had previously been committed to preparing local public health agencies for counter‐terrorism activities and to enhance environmental and medical response, these release episodes have increased the consistency of environmental and medical response activities, and increased government resources for homeland security. This article abstracts current information from many sources that summarize the environmental responses to the anthrax releases. The article discusses the international agreements and the U.S. regulations concerning biological weapons, the characteristics of the anthrax organism, potential exposure pathways, adverse health conditions resulting from inhalation exposure, the environmental response to two specific release episodes, environmental sampling and analytical procedures, recommended personal protective equipment, and the subsequent federal efforts to improve response capabilities. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
169.
Authentic leadership has received considerable attention and research support over the past decade. Now the time has come to refine and better understand how it impacts performance. This study investigates the moderating role followers' positive psychological capital (PsyCap) and the mediating role that leader–member exchange (LMX) may play in influencing the relationship between authentic leadership and followers' performance. Specifically, we tested this mediated moderation model with matched data from 794 followers and their immediate leaders. We found that authentic leadership is positively related to LMX and consequently followers' performance, and to a larger degree, among followers who have low rather than high levels of PsyCap. Our discussion highlights the benefits of understanding the roles of relational processes and followers' positive psychological resources involved in the effectiveness of authentic leadership and how they can be practically implemented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
170.