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171.
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174.
Paul Luchtenberg Felix Ehrlich Leon Asher Friedrich Drenckhahn 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1922,10(47):1010-1014
175.
176.
Carbon footprint analysis for increasing water supply and sanitation in South Africa: a case study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study investigates the environmental burdens due to the provision of potable water and sanitation in the eThekwini Municipality (Durban), South Africa. This was achieved by employing LCA studies for the individual parts of the urban water system (impoundment, water treatment, distribution, collection, sewage treatment and water recycling). Based on the results of the individual LCAs a base case was constructed.For the provision of potable water and sanitation to new customers, which have not been previously served, two different scenarios (200 000 new customers in an urban environment with waterborne sewage and in a peri-urban environment with on-site sanitation) and three different options (maximising use of existing assets, recycling water and building new infrastructure) were considered and analysed. With regard to the impact scores calculated for both scenarios (urban and peri-urban), the recycling of water is followed by maximising the use of existing assets as the most environmentally friendly options. The construction of new infrastructure carries a higher environmental burden and the use of bottled water for drinking (an additional scenario) carries the highest environmental burden. 相似文献
177.
Andrea M. Hofmaier Siegfried M. G. Schwirzer Friedrich J. Wiebel Karl-Werner Schramm Martin Wegenke Antonius A. F. Kettrup 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1999,11(1):2-8
Polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAH) like 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin (TCDD) elicit a multitude of toxic and biological effects. A common trait of these substances is their affinity for a cytosolic receptor protein and the subsequent induction of the synthesis of several gene products, including cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP 1A1). In this publication we present a bioassay to determine the induction of CYP 1A1 as a sum parameter for the total toxic potential of critical halogenated compounds in complex environmental matrices. In order to eliminate compounds like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and naturally occurring substances which might interfere with the bioassay we developed a simple cleanup procedure. TEQ values derived from bioassay are in good agreement with those obtained from chemical analysis. This bioassay in combination with the simplified “single column” clean up represents a cost and time effective alternative to chemical analysis for the screening of large numbers of environmental matrices. 相似文献
178.
A. B. Friedrich H. Merkert T. Fendert J. Hacker P. Proksch U. Hentschel 《Marine Biology》1999,134(3):461-470
We have employed electronmicroscopical methods (SEM, TEM) to document the microbial community associated with the marine
sponge Aplysina cavernicola (formerly Verongia cavernicola, class Demospongiae). Five dominant bacterial types were identified, three of which resemble the morphotypes originally described
by Vacelet (1975). One bacterial type possesses morphological properties that are characteristic of the genus Planctomyces. In addition, morphologically uniform bacteria which reside inside the nuclei of host cells were observed. Using in situ
hybridization with fluorescently labelled rRNA probes directed against known bacterial groups, the phylogenetic affiliation
of the mesohyl bacteria was assessed. It could be shown that the vast majority of mesohyl bacteria belongs to the domain Bacteria
with a low GC content. Among the Bacteria, the delta-Proteobacteria were most abundant, followed by the gamma-Proteobacteria and representatives of the Bacteroides cluster. Clusters of Gram-positive bacteria with a high GC content were also found consistently in low amounts. No hybridization
signal was obtained with probes specific to the domain Archaea, to the alpha- and beta-Proteobacteria and to the Cytophaga/Flavobacterium cluster. This study describes for the first time the application of the “top-to-bottom approach” using 16S rRNA probes and
in situ hybridization to assess the microbial diversity in Aplysina sponges.
Received: 18 December 1998 / Accepted: 12 March 1999 相似文献
179.
Klaus Peschke Peter Friedrich Uwe Kaiser Stephan Franke Wittko Francke 《Chemoecology》1999,9(2):47-54
Summary. In the rove beetle Aleochara curtula, a male specific sternal gland is described. Isopropyl (Z9)-hexadecenoate has been identified by GC/MS of surface and sternal gland extracts as a male specific compound. Its emission
in the air was demonstrated by closed-loopstripping-analyses. In field experiments, conspecific males and females were attracted
by the odor of carrion, caged males from laboratory cultures, and by the synthetic ester. Isopropyl (Z9)-hexadecenoate or live males, combined with fresh carrion attract more beetles than a fresh carcass alone. Isopropyl hexadecanoate
as a minor compound was not attractive. The term “aggregation” pheromone and the ecological significance of attracting females
to a fresh carcass allowing early copulation and egg-deposition are discussed.
Received 20 August 1998; accepted 15 January 1999. 相似文献
180.
Karl Theo von der Trenck Friedrich Schilling Daniel Schmidt 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2007,19(2):75-82