超声波降解有机磷农药乐果的实验研究

报道了用超声波降解模拟废水中低浓度乐果的试验。探讨了超声波辐射时间、外加H2O2、溶液中乐果的初始浓度、溶液温度等因素对乐果降解效果的影响。试验表明，辐射时间延长，降解率增加，辐射120min后降解率达97．5％；加入浓度为1．27mg／ml的H2O2即可明显提高乐果的降解率，H2O2的添加量达2．44mg／ml后，降解率增加趋缓；乐果溶液初始浓度由0．08mg／ml增加到1．6mg／ml，降解率由87．5％降低到55％；溶液温度控制在30℃以下对超声降解有利。     

春小麦生产潜力与持续发展——以宁夏南部山区为例

本文以宁夏南部山区为例,通过对ＡＥＺ等模型中的若干参数进行修正,计算了春小麦的光温生产潜力ｙ（Ｑ,Ｔ）和气候生产潜力ｙ（Ｑ,Ｔ,Ｗ）以及需水量Ｅｍ和缺水量Ｅｌ。结果表明：ｙ（Ｑ,Ｔ）为６．８５～８．０６ｔ／ｈｍ^２,ｙ（Ｑ,Ｔ,Ｗ）为２．２２～５．３２ｔ／ｈｍ^２；Ｅｍ为３４０～４５０ｍｍ,Ｅｌ为７０～３００ｍｍ,尤其在拔节期和孕穗期缺水现象十分严重；上述结果经检验都符合当地的实际情况。提出了当地要发展集水灌溉使天然降水资源化、扩大基本农田面积和以肥促水提高水分利用系数等持续发展措施。     

快速检测净水器中活性炭的吸附效果

对于采用氯及其制剂进行消毒的自来水，净水器活必不仅吸附水中有机物，也吸附水中余氯。活性炭对有机物的去除率与对余氯的去除率有很好的相关性。通过测定余氯去除率来表征对水中有机物的去除能力，即间接判断净水器中活性炭吸附效果是可行的。机理研究表明，活性炭吸附有机物，有效吸附面积下降，导致活炭对余氯去除率下降。本研究提供了一种可快速、简便而有效的检验活性炭吸附效果的方法。     

含酚废水处理新技术及其发展前景

随着石油化工、塑料、合成纤维、焦化等工业的迅速发展,排向环境的各类含酚废水也相应增加.由于酚的毒性大,并具有致癌、致畸、致突变的潜在毒性,近年来引起了广大研究人员的重视.鉴于清除或降解水中的酚类污染物,不仅涉及水生生物及陆生植物的生长繁殖,更涉及到人类及陆生动物的食品饮水安全,因此,研究含酚废水的高效处理技术,对保护环境具有极为重要的意义.本文在介绍了含酚废水的主要来源及其危害之后,就近年来含酚废水处理新技术-光催化技术、超声氧化技术、超临界水氧化技术等的发展现状进行了阐述,并提出了当前含酚废水处理技术的发展前景及方向.     

氧化沟污水处理技术在炼油厂的实际应用

本文简明地阐述了氧化沟污水处理技术的工艺原理及特点，着重指出了该工艺中溶解氧实时控制的重要性，使沧州炼油厂污水处理效果有了明显提高     

黄红壤上烟草对钾的反应及种烟后土壤钾的变化

黄红壤上烟草对钾的反应及种烟后土壤钾的变化马友华，李道林，陈邦本，方明（安徽农业大学土化系，合肥２３００３６）（南京农业大学资环系）我国南方亚热带的红壤是我国植烟面积较大的土类，适用于种植各种类型的烟草［１］。烟草是喜钾作物，近年来我国南方在烟草种植...     

淀粉废水处理工艺选择

针对淀粉废水的特性 ,通过大量实验 ,提出合理的处理工艺 ,在实际运行中取得了较好的处理效果 ,节省了占地和建设投资     

Wet air oxidation of nitrobenzene enhanced by phenol

Simultaneous nitrobenzene and phenol wet air oxidation was investigated in a stainless autoclave at temperature range of 180-220 degrees C and 1.0 MPa oxygen partial pressure. Compared with the single oxidation of nitrobenzene under the same conditions, the presence of phenol in the reaction media greatly improved the removal efficiency of nitrobenzene. The effect of temperature on the reaction was studied. Phenol was considered as a type of initiator in the nitrobenzene oxidation.     

缓冲带在农业非点源污染防治中的应用

论述了缓冲带防治非点源污染的机理和效果，分析了影响缓冲带功能的各个因素。缓冲带能有效地控制土壤与土壤养分的流失，其建设与管理在整个生态环境建设中具有重要地位，目前国内外的研究主要集中于缓冲带对径流中营养物质氮和磷的吸收上，对较大区域环境水质影响的研究不曾多见。为达到防治非点源污染的更好效果，应对缓冲带的设计及各种缓冲带合理配置与布局作更深入的研究，并要与水土保持措施相结合。     

Mobilization of small DNAPL pools formed by capillary entrapment

We performed an experimental study to quantify the critical conditions for the mobilization of small pools of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) that may form at capillary-heterogeneity boundaries. A series of experiments were conducted in columns packed with uniform sands arranged to create capillary heterogeneities. DNAPL pools readily formed in these packings and were more easily mobilized than trapped DNAPL ganglia. A model was developed to describe the critical conditions for DNAPL pool mobilization. Pool mobilization was expected when a dimensionless pool trapping number N(T)p> 1 while mobilization was observed in our experiments when N(T)p>0.76+/-0.16 (+/- 95% confidence interval). The difference between the model prediction and the experimental observations was attributed to experimental error. Using this model for DNAPL pool mobilization, a simple numerical experiment was conducted to illustrate use of the model and to explore the effect of scale on the critical conditions for pool mobilization. With an increase in system scale flow bypassing around the DNAPL pool increased and the system-averaged conditions for the onset of mobilization changed: a greater system-average Darcy flux or lower interfacial tensions were required for DNAPL pool mobilization. This result illustrates the importance of system scale on mobilization of DNAPL pools in systems with capillary heterogeneities.