Environmental contamination of heavy metals from zinc smelting areas in Hezhang County, western Guizhou, China

Total heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) concentrations were evaluated in smelting waste, soil, crop and moss samples collected from the Hezhang artisanal zinc smelting areas, Guizhou, China. Soil samples from the cornfield near the smelting sites contained extremely high Cd (5.8-74 mg kg(-1)), Pb (60-14,000 mg kg(-1)) and Zn (260-16,000 mg kg(-1)) concentrations. Elevated heavy metal concentrations were also found in corn plants and total Pb (0.80-1.5 mg kg(-1)) and Cd (0.05-0.76 mg kg(-1)) concentrations in corn grain have totally or partially exceeded the national guidance limits for foodstuff. Thus, the soil-to-crop transfer of heavy metals might pose a potential health risk to the local residents. Similar to the high heavy metal levels in soil and corn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in moss samples collected from the smelting sites ranged from 10 to 110, 10 to 55, 26 to 51, 400 to 1200 and 330 to 1100 mg kg(-1), respectively, exhibiting a local spatial pattern of metals deposition from the atmosphere. Based on examination of Zn/Cd and Pb/Cd ratios of the analyzed samples, we have distinguished between the flue gas dust derived and smelting waste derived metals in different environmental compartments.     

低碳经济的发展模式研究

当前,全球正发生着以变暖为主要特征的气候变化,并已成为世界各国共同面临的危机和挑战。低碳经济是减少温室气体排放,应对全球变暖的最佳经济模式。本文从温室气体减排压力、能源安全和资源环境等三个方面分析了中国发展低碳经济的紧迫性。在对国内外低碳经济理论和实践综述的基础上，从宏观、中观和微观三个层次论证了低碳经济发展模式的发展方向、发展方式和发展方法。即以低碳发展为发展方向．以节能减排为发展方式。以碳中和技术为发展方法。最后提出了我国实施低碳经济发展模式的政策措施：①节能优先。提高能源利用效率；②化石能源低碳化。大力发展可再生能源；③设立碳基金．激励低碳技术的研究和开发；④确立国家碳交易机制。     

山东省制造业人力资源现状及需求预测

制造业是一个国家和地区经济发展的基石.改革开放30年来,山东省制造业发展迅速,并带动了制造业人力资源队伍的加速增长.要实现山东省从"制造业大省"到"制造业强省"、从"制造"到"创造"的跨越,人力资源的支持必不可少.分析改革开放30年来山东省制造业人力资源队伍建设取得的成绩及存在的问题,基于灰色理论对山东省制造业未来5年的人力资源需求进行预测,并运用残差检验、关联度检验和后验差检验进行模型检验,保证了预测结论的可靠性.预测结果表明:山东省政府的"承接日韩制造业转移,建设制造业强省"的政策支持使得山东省制造业人力资源需求总量保持增长态势.这一结论对山东省政府构建制造韭的产业战略和人才发展战略将起到一定的借鉴意义.     

近20年我国农村自然灾害救济拨款时空变化规律分析

以人均相对灾害救济强度为指标，利用ＥＯＦ方法分析了１９７８～１９９４年我国农村救灾款发放的时空分异规律，发现其５种主要空间分布形式；在东部地区，１９８４年以前华北救灾强度较东北和江南相对偏大，以后则相反。     

小样本感度试验方法

提出了一种用于炸药及火工品感度试验的小样本方法。此方法较之传统的Ｂｒｕｃｅｔｏｎ升降法（估计方差一般需要３０ 个以上的试件,而且估计出的方差往往偏小）,可以在少于３０ 个试件的小样本的条件下,对方差进行估计,而且估计精度高。建立了高置信度、高可靠度的Ｐ发火刺激量置信限公式,该公式可以综合利用当前试验数据和以往经验数据,从而仅需少量当前试验,便可达到Ｂｒｕｃｅｔｏｎ 升降法采用３０ 个以上试件方能达到的精度,大大节省了试验的费用及时间。大量的ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ 模拟试验及实例分析都进一步证明了上述结论。     

Atmospheric lead concentration distribution in Northern Taiwan

Atmospheric lead concentrations were measured randomly, approximately once per week, at five traffic sites in northern Taiwan from September 1994 to May 1995. Three types of theoretical distributions, lognormal, Weibull and gamma were selected to fit the frequency distribution of the measured lead concentration. Four goodness-of-fit criteria were used to judge which theoretical distribution is the most appropriate to represent the frequency distributions of atmospheric lead.The results show that atmospheric lead concentrations in total suspended particulates fit the lognormal distribution reasonably well in northern Taiwan. The intervals of fitted theoretical cumulative frequency distributions (CFDs) can successfully contain the measured data when the population mean is estimated with a 95% confidence interval. In addition, atmospheric lead concentration exceeding a critical concentration is also predicted from the fitted theoretical CFDs.     

聚氯乙烯生产中副产高沸物的综合利用

介绍了以ＰＶＣ生产中副产的高沸物精制后作溶剂,降解后的废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的作主料,制造塑化防腐漆的工艺流程,产品性能及经济效益。     

铁路行车安全与司机生理和心理素质关系的研究

从确保铁路行车安全的角度，结合铁路机车乘务工作的职业特点和要求，分析了影响铁路行车安全的诸多因素中最为重要的人的因素在安全驾驶中的作用，以及作为能够胜任我国铁路机车驾驶工作要求的合格司机应具备的生理、心理因素；论文采用国际先进的分析技术和分析软件（ＳＡＳ），对抽取的１２７８ 名现役铁路司机的８８ 个测试因子数据进行了全面综合的统计分析，得出有关司机的心理和生理特征以及与行车安全的内在关系，为提高铁路司机的整体素质及铁路行车安全可靠性提供了科学的依据