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491.
492.
植物排放的羰基化合物及其与大气的交换 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了植物来源的羰基化合物的研究结果,并着重总结了植物与大气之间羰基化合物的交换研究.羰基化合物在植物与大气之间的交换包括植物本身排放羰基化合物、羰基化合物沉降到植物叶片以及植物对羰基化合物的吸收和代谢3个过程.在植物周围空气中羰基化合物的浓度与交换补偿点的关系决定交换的方向:羰基化合物是被植物排放到大气中,还是沉降到植物叶面.当其在空气中的浓度低于补偿点时,植物排放羰基化合物;而当其在空气中的浓度高于补偿点时,羰基化合物沉降到植物叶面.作者还提出,与人类生活密切相关的景观植物的排放应受到格外的重视.利用植物代谢有害污染物的能力来净化空气,是植物修复技术在大气污染环境中的应用.筛选吸收、代谢污染物强的植物种类,科学搭配种类组成,建立不同类型的人工植物群落,以实现最佳植物净化效果.将环境科学与生态学、遗传学等多学科结合起来,探索更为理想的植物修复方法是未来的主要研究方向. 相似文献
493.
Designing environmental monitoring networks to measure extremes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Howard Chang Audrey Qiuyan Fu Nhu D. Le James V. Zidek 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2007,14(3):301-321
This paper discusses challenges arising in the design of networks for monitoring extreme values over the domain of a random environmental space-time field {X ij } i = 1, . . . , I denoting site and j = 1, . . . denoting time (e.g. hour). The field of extremes for time span r over site domain i = 1, . . . ,I is given by \(\{Y_{i(r+1)}=\max_{j=k}^{k+n-1} X_{ij}\}\) for k = 1 + rn, r = 0, . . . ,. Such networks must not only measure extremes at the monitored sites but also enable their prediction at the non-monitored ones. Designing such a network poses special challenges that do not seem to have been generally recognized. One of these problems is the loss of spatial dependence between site responses in going from the environmental process to the field of extremes it generates. In particular we show empirically that the intersite covariance Cov(Y i(r+1),Y i′(r+1)) can generally decline toward zero as r increases, for site pairs i ≠ i′. Thus the measured extreme values may not predict the unmeasured ones very precisely. Consequently high levels of pollution exposure of a sensitive group (e.g. school children) located between monitored sites may be overlooked. This potential deficiency raises concerns about the adequacy of air pollution monitoring networks whose primary role is the detection of noncompliance with air quality standards based on extremes designed to protect human health. The need to monitor for noncompliance and thereby protect human health, points to other issues. How well do networks designed to monitor the field monitor their fields of extremes? What criterion should be used to select prospective monitoring sites when setting up or adding to a network? As the paper demonstrates by assessing an existing network, the answer to the first question is not well, at least in the case considered. To the second, the paper suggests a variety of plausible answers but shows through a simulation study, that they can lead to different optimum designs. The paper offers an approach that circumvents the dilemma posed by the answer to the second question. That approach models the field of extremes (suitably transformed) by a multivariate Gaussian-Inverse Wishart hierarchical Bayesian distribution. The adequacy of this model is empirically assessed in an application by finding the relative coverage frequency of the predictive credibility ellipsoid implied by its posterior distribution. The favorable results obtained suggest this posterior adequately describes that (transformed) field. Hence it can form the basis for designing an appropriate network. Its use is demonstrated by a hypothetical extension of an existing monitoring network. That foundation in turn enables a network to be designed of sufficient density (relative to cost) to serve its regulatory purpose. 相似文献
494.
进行了添加乙醇作为碳源强化油制气废水生物降解的研究,并利用GC/MS分析对油制气废水中芳烃类化合物的降解进行了初步研究。研究表明,共代谢基质乙醇的加入,可使菌种S-2、Y-3、XH-3、M-3对COD、氨氮、可萃取有机物等指标的去除率分别提高17.6%~25.6%、34.9%~42.8%、10.4%~14.2%;但在所采用的时间范围内,酚类化合物的去除率降低;芳烃类化合物的去除率提高15.4%~21.2%。除了维持无共代谢条件下对芳环数≤3的芳烃类化合物的良好降解能力外,对芳环数为4~6的化合物降解能力也有所提高。 相似文献
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497.
Yihe Lü Liwei Zhang Yuan Zeng Bojie Fu Charlotte Whitham Shuguang Liu Bingfang Wu 《Conservation biology》2017,31(4):894-902
Traditional means of assessing representativeness of conservation value in protected areas depend on measures of structural biodiversity. The effectiveness of priority conservation areas at representing critical natural capital (CNC) (i.e., an essential and renewable subset of natural capital) remains largely unknown. We analyzed the representativeness of CNC‐conservation priority areas in national nature reserves (i.e., nature reserves under jurisdiction of the central government with large spatial distribution across the provinces) in China with a new biophysical‐based composite indicator approach. With this approach, we integrated the net primary production of vegetation, topography, soil, and climate variables to map and rank terrestrial ecosystems capacities to generate CNC. National nature reserves accounted for 6.7% of CNC‐conservation priority areas across China. Considerable gaps (35.2%) existed between overall (or potential) CNC representativeness nationally and CNC representation in national reserves, and there was significant spatial heterogeneity of representativeness in CNC‐conservation priority areas at the regional and provincial levels. For example, the best and worst representations were, respectively, 13.0% and 1.6% regionally and 28.9% and 0.0% provincially. Policy in China is transitioning toward the goal of an ecologically sustainable civilization. We identified CNC‐conservation priority areas and conservation gaps and thus contribute to the policy goals of optimization of the national nature reserve network and the demarcation of areas critical to improving the representativeness and conservation of highly functioning areas of natural capital. Moreover, our method for assessing representation of CNC can be easily adapted to other large‐scale networks of conservation areas because few data are needed, and our model is relatively simple. 相似文献
498.
Lv Chunwang Chen Hongwei Hu Mingjiang Ai Tianchao Fu Haoka 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(28):37142-37157
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In order to explore a superior washcoat material to give full play to the catalytic activity of perovskite active components on the monolithic... 相似文献
499.
Wu Lin Fu Huifen Wei Qi Zhao Qian Wang Peng Wang Chong-Chen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(5):5218-5230
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A facile strategy was adopted to prepare porous Cd0.5Zn0.5S (CZS-X) nanocages by sulfurizing the rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-8 as precursor with... 相似文献
500.