双酚A对小鼠肝脏和肾脏细胞的氧化损伤

为探究双酚A(BPA)的氧化毒性,分别以剂量为20、40和80mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的BPA对雄性昆明小鼠灌胃处理1周,并测定了小鼠体内活性氧自由基(ROS)水平、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和DNA-蛋白质交联系数(DPC)。与对照组相比,各BPA暴露组小鼠肝脏和肾脏细胞中的ROS生成量、MDA含量和DPC系数均升高,而GSH含量下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。ROS生成量、GSH含量和DPC系数均显示出剂量-效应关系。研究表明,BPA可扰乱小鼠肝脏和肾脏细胞的氧化应激平衡,诱导细胞氧化损伤。     

改善农村饮水水质的一种方法--SODIS

如何改善发展中国家广大农村贫困地区的饮用水水质问题仍然是当前一项十分急迫的任务。瑞士联邦环境科学技术研究院近年来在许多发展中国家推行一种新的饮用水消毒方法———阳光消毒法(SODIS),取得了良好的效益。该方法利用太阳光钝化导致腹泻的病原体的活性,从而提高饮用水的质量。该方法成本低、易操作、经济可行并可持久使用,已经在一些发展中国家逐步推广应用。     

如何防止运动损伤

主要症状是肌肉僵硬、疼痛难忍,一时不易缓解。在一般情况下,冬春交替季节,肌肉抽筋现象要比夏、秋季节多。最易发生抽筋的部位是小腿后部的腓踢肌(即小腿肚子),其次是脚底的屈指肌和屈拇肌。     

生态居住小区评价指标体系的不确定性研究

针对目前我国生态居住小区构建评价指标体系时面临的种种不确定性问题,分析其产生的原因,确立了以弹性原则为主的评价指标体系构建原则,提出了一套建立符合我国国情的、定性与定量结合的、考虑不确定性的评价指标体系的方法.并结合实际设计项目,在温岭市生态居住小区详细规划中,按照弹性、层次性以及可操作性原则,采用AHP法,得出一个三层次的包括生态住宅、生态景观、生态技术、基础设施和社区管理、生态文化5大系统和24个指标项的生态居住区评价指标体系,并对各项指标及其权重进行量化,最后通过多因子叠加得到对整个生态居住小区的综合评价结果.     

高浓度硫酸盐核黄素生产废水处理的应用研究

介绍了硫酸盐还原+生物脱硫+气浮+UASB+CASS工艺处理高硫酸盐核黄素生产废水的应用实例。对设计工艺流程、主要参数、调试与运行情况以及处理效果作了说明。该组合工艺对核黄素生产废水中的COD、SO24-具有很好的去除效果,出水各指标达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》三级标准。     

武钢炼铁厂7~#高炉供料系统槽上除尘设计

介绍了武钢7#高炉供料系统槽上除尘设计的考虑因素,针对各种方法的优缺点,采用了槽上侧边抽风加移动式除尘通风口的除尘工艺,取得了很好的除尘效果。并给出了上料过程中产生的粉尘特性及所采用的除尘设备的主要参数,可供参考。     

低温条件下苯酚降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

在15℃低温的条件下,从本溪钢铁集团公司焦化厂曝气池活性污泥中分离、筛选得到1株高效苯酚降解菌,即Bb-2,它对起始质量浓度为400 mg·L-1的苯酚降解率为74.8%.经形态观察和生理生化实验,初步鉴定为假单胞菌属.该菌株能在4～40℃的温度条件下生长繁殖,因此为耐冷菌.当醋酸钠和葡萄糖作为第二碳源存在时,促进了低温下Bb-2对苯酚的生物降解.采用反应动力学方程拟合其降解过程,初始苯酚质量浓度较低时,遵循Monod方程;初始质量浓度较高时,其降解过程以基质抑制型的Haldane方程为主.     

科学大数据开放共享机制研究及其对环境信息共享的启示

科学大数据得以充分利用和增值的前提是开放共享,而影响数据开放共享的关键问题是共享机制.本文首先分析了科学大数据的产生方式、数据类型、投资方式、管理主体和服务定位及其与共享程度的关系.进一步在分析国内外自上而下和自下而上科学数据共享通用机制与原则的基础上,结合国家地球系统科学数据共享平台、全球变化科学数据出版等实践,提出了数据汇交、数据出版、数据联盟和服务激励四种数据共享机制,并分析了每种机制中的关键问题及具体做法.最后,结合云计算、"互联网+"等新一代信息技术和思维,对环境保护大数据共享机制提出四点建议,即:国家统一投资建设的环境保护核心业务数据强制汇交机制,其他部委、机构环境保护相关数据联盟交换机制,企业、科学家个人数据出版等激励机制,以及社会公众数据的"众创机制".     

Sensitive crop species and appropriate bioassays for potential use in phytotoxicity assessment of Pb-contaminated soils

The present study aims to determine the phytotoxic effects of lead (Pb) on corn (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and to identify the sensitive crop species and appropriate bioassays for potential use in phytotoxicity assessment of Pb-contaminated soil. In a laboratory experiment, Pb(NO₃)₂ was added to the background soil to obtain eight Pb treatments. The results indicate that the seed germination rate of lettuce decreases by 14.44%, 30.00% and 40.00% at 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg Pb kg^?1 soil, respectively. However, the germination of corn, wheat, cucumber and cabbage is not significantly influenced by the Pb-contaminated soil treated with all the tested concentrations. Furthermore, the root elongation is more sensitive to Pb than is seed germination. The minimum concentrations of adverse effect of maize, wheat, cucumber, cabbage and lettuce are 2000, 3000, 1300, 800 and 300 mg Pb kg^?1 soil, respectively. Moreover, dicotyledon species are more sensitive than monocotyledon species. In the genotoxicity study, the mitotic index (MI) fluctuates with an increasing Pb concentration. The micronuclei (MN) frequencies of cucumber, cabbage and lettuce exhibit a dose-dependent effect at concentrations ranging from 1300 to 4000 mg Pb kg^?1 soil. It can be concluded that lettuce is a good candidate for indicating the toxicity of Pb in soil. Root elongation and the micronucleus frequency of dicotyledon are appropriate bioassays for potential use in phytotoxicity assessment of Pb-contaminated soil.     

Enhanced methane hydrate storage using sodium dodecyl sulfate and coal

A potential solution to reduce global warming is to store greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gas storage has been recently improved using several materials and techniques. However, the actual storage capacity is slow, limited, and costly. Here, we tested the use of an accelerating agent, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and coal to produce methane hydrate for methane storage. Experiments of storing methane gas in coal samples have been carried out under high pressures, 4 or 6 MPa, and low temperature of 273.15 K. Results reveal that sodium dodecyl sulfate improved the rate up to 58.26 cm³/min and the capacity up to 179.97 volume at standard temperature and pressure per unit volume of coal. This finding shows that sodium dodecyl sulfate is efficient to accelerate the formation of methane hydrate. We also found that storage capacity increased with pressure. We conclude that our method allows a gas storage capacity higher than any other medium materials reported previously.