关于抑尘剂开发及其存在主要问题的探讨

基于化学抑尘剂与粉尘之间的润湿、粘结、凝聚作用机制,综述了近年来各类化学抑尘剂的合成技术及原理,概述了化学抑尘剂在矿山粉尘抑制中的应用现状,并对化学抑尘剂研究方向的主要问题和应用前景进行了探讨。     

地质雷达在监测地下水石油烃污染中的应用

随着我国工业迅速发展,石油烃污染威胁地下水安全问题逐渐暴露出来。地质雷达作为一种非破坏性的原位探测技术在国外已广泛应用于地下水监测,由于石油烃在地质雷达图谱上通常显示出高阻异常特征,这为探测地下水中的石油烃污染提供了可能。简述了地质雷达探测石油烃的原理,探测效果的影响因素,并列举了部分国外实例,证实了地质雷达探测地下水石油烃污染的可行性。     

Decrease of NH4+-N by bacterioplankton accelerated the removal of cyanobacterial blooms in aerated aquatic ecosystem

We used aerated systems to assess the influence of the bacterioplankton community on cyanobacterial blooms in algae/post-bloom of Lake Taihu, China. Bacterioplankton community diversity was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) fingerprinting. Chemical analysis and nitrogen dynamic changes illustrated that NH4+-N was nitrified to NO2-N and NO3-N by bacterioplankton. Finally, NH4+-N was exhausted and NO3-N was denitrified to NO2-N, while the accumulation of NO2-N indicated that bacterioplankton with completely aerobic denitrification ability were lacking in the water samples collected from Lake Taihu. We suggested that adding completely aerobic denitrification bacteria(to denitrify NO2-N to N2)would improve the water quality. PCR-DGGE and sequencing results showed that more than 1/3 of the bacterial species were associated with the removal of nitrogen, and Acidovorax temperans was the dominant one. PCR-DGGE, variation of nitrogen, removal efciencies of chlorophyll-a and canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the bacterioplankton significantly influenced the physiological and biochemical changes of cyanobacteria. Additionally, the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means revealed there was no obvious harm to the microecosystem from aeration. The present study demonstrated that bacterioplankton can play crucial roles in aerated ecosystems, which could control the impact of cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophicated fresh water systems.     

Waste oyster shell as a kind of active filler to treat the combined wastewater at an estuary

Estuaries have been described as one of the most difficult environments on Earth. It is difficult to know how to treat the combined wastewater in tidal rivers at the estuary, where the situation is very different from ordinary fresh water rivers. Waste oyster shell was used as the active filler in this study in a bio-contact oxidation tank to treat the combined wastewater at the Fengtang Tidal River. With a middle-experimental scale of 360 ma/day, the average removal efficiency of COD, BOD, NH3-N, TP and TSS was 80.05%, 85.02%, 86.59%, 50.58% and 85.32%, respectively, in this bio-contact oxidation process. The living microbes in the biofilms on the waste oyster shell in this bio-contact oxidation tank, which were mainly composed of zoogloea, protozoa and micro-metazoa species, revealed that waste oyster shell as the filler was suitable material for combined wastewater degradation. This treatment method using waste oyster shell as active filler was then applied in a mangrove demonstration area for water quality improvement near the experiment area, with a treatment volume of 5 × 10^3 m^3/day. Another project was also successfully applied in a constructed wetland, with a wastewater treatment volume of 1 ×10^3 m^3/day. This technology is therefore feasible and can easily be applied on a larger scale,     

OMS-2负载Pt催化剂的制备及其催化氧化性能研究

采用前掺杂法、沉积-沉淀法和浸渍法制备了氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2)负载Pt催化剂(Pt/OMS-2),对所制催化剂进行了结构和织构表征。并研究了不同制备方法和沉积-沉淀法中不同制备(Pt负载量和溶液的pH值)对Pt/OMS-2催化氧化CO性能的影响。结果表明,沉积-沉淀法制备的Pt/OMS-2-DP催化剂活性最好(T100=100℃)。这与Pt/OMS-2-DP催化剂中Pt颗粒大小及OMS-2载体与Pt之间存在强相互作用有关。Pt负载量明显影响Pt/OMS-2-DP催化剂的催化活性,3Pt/OMS-2-DP催化剂(Pt=3.0 wt%)催化活性最高,这是由于适当Pt负载量,Pt颗粒较小,并与载体OMS-2的相互作用较强,能较好地活化OMS-2晶格氧。pH值对Pt/OMS-2-DP催化剂催化性能影响较大,这与OMS-2的等电点和Pt在不同溶液中存在不同Pt配位体形式有关。     

活性焦烟气脱硫技术在大型燃煤电站的应用

本文通过分析活性焦烟气脱硫技术的主要原理、工艺流程、主要原料消耗、脱硫副产品综合利用、SO2污染物达标情况,探讨该技术在内蒙古地区大型燃煤电站脱硫工程应用的可行性.     

我国城市垃圾处理现状及问题分析

随着人口的增长和人们生活城市生活垃圾产量的增长,成分日趋复杂,危害也日益显露和突出,这种危害不是单方面的因素,而是全方面的因素所引起的,如生活水平质量的提高,消费观的改变,人们总体环保意识的欠缺等等,本文通过分析我国城市垃圾处理现状,提出一些切实可行的方法,一起规范和提高我国垃圾处理水平。     

试论加强环境保护对促进人与自然和谐发展的影响

人与自然的关系,一直是人类关注的焦点。人类对于自身在自然界的地位以及二者之间关系的认识经历了漫长而曲折的过程。大家都非常重视人与自然的和谐相处。随着生产力的发展,人类对自然的征服力量越来越强,但人类从未停止对自然界的保护。党的十六届四中全会提出的构建社会主义和谐社会,不仅对人与人、人与社会的和谐提出了要求,还包括人与自然的和谐共处。显然,人与自然的和谐已成为构建和谐社会的有机组成部分。     

呼和浩特市二氧化硫浓度变化分析

大气是人类赖以生存的环境要素之一,大气质量的好坏直接影响着人类的生活质量和健康水平.本文以2012年度呼和浩特市区大气中的SO2为研究对象,从监测点的数据出发,通过对相关文献资料查阅和整理,分析呼和浩特市区的SO2浓度变化特征,为呼和浩特市区大气污染的预防提供理论依据.     

光照强度和光照周期对赤潮异弯藻生长的影响

以赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)为实验对象,在光照强度分别为3 000 lx和12 000 lx下,设置24 L∶0 D、18 L∶6 D、12 L∶12 D、6 L∶18 D和0 L∶24 D 5组不同的光照周期,测定赤潮异弯藻的生长情况。结果表明,当光照强度为3 000 lx时,赤潮异弯藻会持续9～14 d的生长,然后生长进入衰退期。当光照强度为12 000 lx时,赤潮异弯藻会持续16～20 d的生长,之后生长进入衰退期。并且,无论是光照强度为3 000 lx还是12 000 lx,当光照周期为18 L∶6 D时,都最有利于赤潮异弯藻的生长;而当光照周期为0 L∶24 D时,赤潮异弯藻几乎不生长。