松花江航电枢纽工程截流水质监测及分析

在收集资料和实际调查基础上,对松花江流域(哈尔滨段)水质状况及主要污染物进行调查,对该流域水环境进行监测,对水质状况做出全面评价,重点研究大顶子山航电枢纽工程投入使用后,该江段水质状况的变化及因素。结果显示:该工程投入使用后,哈尔滨江段的水质状况逐年提升。大坝截流后,随着悬浮物逐渐沉降,水质逐渐趋好,主要影响因子含量也逐渐下降;哈尔滨江段的着生藻类种类增加4个属、密度增加10.8倍,水体呈现出蓝绿藻比例升高、污染指数下降等变化特征。     

Interaction of cyanate uptake by rice seedlings with nitrate assimilation: gene expression analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cyanate (CNO?) has been produced in the environment through either natural or anthropogenic sources. However, due to industrialization, it has...     

Separation of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene waste plastics by froth flotation combined with ammonia pretreatment

The objective of this research is flotation separation of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) waste plastics combined with ammonia pretreatment. The PC and ABS plastics show similar hydrophobicity, and ammonia treatment changes selectively floatability of PC plastic while ABS is insensitive to ammonia treatment. The contact angle measurement indicates the dropping of flotation recovery of PC is ascribed to a decline of contact angle. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates reactions occur on PC surface, which makes PC surface more hydrophilic. Separation of PC and ABS waste plastics was conducted based on the flotation behavior of single plastic. At different temperatures, PC and ABS mixtures were separated efficiently through froth flotation with ammonia pretreatment for different time (13 min at 23 °C, 18 min at 18 °C and 30 min at 23 °C). For both PC and ABS, the purity and recovery is more than 95.31% and 95.35%, respectively; the purity of PC and ABS is up to 99.72% and 99.23%, respectively. PC and ABS mixtures with different particle sizes were separated effectively, implying that ammonia treatment possesses superior applicability.     

Association between pyrethroid exposure and risk of depressive symptoms in the general US adults

This study aimed to investigate the association between pyrethroid exposure and the risk of depressive symptoms in adults in the USA. Data of participants aged ≥20 years (n = 6455) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2007–2014) were included. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), an adequately detected pyrethroid metabolite, was used as a biomarker to assess pyrethroid exposure. Depressive symptoms were defined as the Patient’s Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) total score ≥10 or use of antidepressant. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between urinary 3-PBA levels and the risk of depressive symptoms. In this study, 1150 participants (weighted frequency, 18.45%) developed depressive symptoms. Participants in the highest tertile have a higher risk of depressive symptoms than those in the lowest tertile of urinary 3-PBA and weighted OR of 1.28 (95% CI, 1.00–1.63, P=0.019). There was a nonlinear association between urinary 3-PBA and depressive symptoms (P for nonlinearity = 0.034). Mediation analysis showed the mediating effect of trouble sleeping on the association of urinary 3-PBA with depressive symptoms was 28.8% (P = 0.006). Our findings indicate that pyrethroid exposure is associated with the increased risk of depressive symptoms, and trouble sleeping may mediated this association. Further studies should be conducted to validate our findings and elucidate their underlying mechanisms.

     

Waste recombinant DNA: Effectiveness of thermo-treatment to manage potential gene pollution

Heating at 100 °C for 5–10 min is a common method for treating wastewater containing recombinant DNA in many bio-laboratories in China. In this experiment, plasmid pET-28b was used to investigate decay efficiency of waste recombinant DNA during thermo-treatment. The results showed that the decay half-life of the plasmid was 2.7–4.0 min during the thermo-treatment, and even heating for 30 min the plasmids still retained some transforming activity. Low pH promoted the decay of recombinant DNA, but NaCl, bovine serum albumin and EDTA, which existed in the most wastewater from bio-laboratories, protected DNA from degradation. Thus, the decay half-life of plasmid DNA may be longer than 2.7–4.0 min practically. These results suggest that the effectiveness of heating at 100 °C for treating waste recombinant DNA is low and a gene pollution risk remains when those thermo-treated recombinant DNAs are discharged into the environment. Therefore other simple and effective methods should be developed.     

絮凝学研究的新领域——具有重金属捕集功能的高分子絮凝剂

絮凝是水质净化的重要方法之一.絮凝剂的作用对象主要是水中由不溶性物质形成的憎液溶胶及悬浮颗粒.近年来的研究发现,将重金属离子的某些强配位基团通过化学反应连接到高分子絮凝剂分子上能赋予原有高分子絮凝剂捕集水中溶解性重金属离子的功能,因此制备出具有去除重金属离子功能的高分子絮凝剂.研究表明,这类高分子絮凝剂用于水处理时表现出显著的优点,如去除效率高、沉降速度快,分离效果好,尤其适合于处理重金属离子与浊度共存的体系,显示出很好的研究及应用前景.本项研究拓展了絮凝剂作用对象的种类,开创了水处理絮凝学研究的新领域.     

不同深度处理工艺再生水中余氯衰减规律及溶解性有机物变化特性比较

考察了余氯在不同深度处理工艺再生水中的衰减规律,并利用紫外-可见吸收差光谱和三维荧光光谱对余氯衰减过程的有机物变化进行了初步解析.结果表明,再生水中的余氯衰减迅速,加氯前0.5 h内的氯消耗占8 h内氯消耗的50%以上.混凝出水水样的余氯衰减速率大于超滤出水和臭氧出水.加氯后,混凝出水和超滤出水的紫外-可见吸收差光谱在230 nm和280 nm附近出现特征峰,表明余氯衰减过程中,水中具有不饱和键和生色团的物质被破坏.臭氧出水在波长230 nm附近出现特征峰.加氯使再生水的荧光强度减弱,混凝出水中腐殖质类物质荧光强度的降低程度大于超滤出水和臭氧出水,表明该类物质可能是影响余氯衰减速率的主要物质.     

废水中聚丙烯酰胺在H-Beta分子筛上的吸附特性

将H-Beta用于处理含聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的驱油废水,研究了PAM在H-Beta上的吸附动力学和热力学特征,并考察了吸附条件对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,吸附过程遵循准二级动力学模型;在低PAM初始浓度(100 mg·L-1)时,吸附表观活化能40 k J·mol-1,说明H-Beta对PAM的吸附以化学吸附为主;在高PAM初始浓度(200和500 mg·L-1)时,吸附活化能降低,吸附向物理吸附转变.吸附等温线在低平衡浓度区符合Langmuir模型,25、40和50℃时的单层饱和吸附量分别达到70.2、76.9和90.9 mg·g-1;在高平衡浓度区符合Freundlich模型,表现为多层吸附.吸附主要来自氢键作用,为自发的吸热过程.p H为2~4,吸附剂用量为5 g·L-1时,具有更优的吸附效果.真实废水中油和盐类的存在对PAM在H-Beta上的吸附未产生不利影响.