民用燃煤不同燃烧阶段细颗粒物排放特征

研究了民用燃煤在不同燃烧阶段排放PM_2.5的质量浓度分布特征.结果表明,散煤与正烧炉在旺火阶段排放颗粒物粒径主要集中在0.2μm以下（d₅₀=0.15μm）,加煤和封火阶段在0.2~0.5μm （d₅₀=0.38mm）,质量占比46.6%~68.97%.型煤与正烧炉在各阶段排放的颗粒物均以0.2μm以下颗粒物为主,质量占比44.64%~56.24%.扫描电镜（SEM）观察到燃煤排放PM_2.5为大量超细颗粒物聚集形成的簇团状结构.用碳平衡法计算得到散煤加煤阶段的PM_2.5排放因子为4.72g/kg,分别是旺火和封火阶段的12和11倍.将散煤更换为型煤,能够使得加煤阶段的PM_2.5排放因子减少90.9%,从而显著降低PM_2.5排放.     

清洁生产思想在MBR膜污染控制中的应用

膜污染是限制膜生物反应器大规模应用的关键所在，本文试图将现代清洁生产的思想应用到膜污染控制之中。采取从源头控制、过程控制以及末端治理相结合的全过程控制方法，最大限度地减缓膜污染，从而加快MBR在实际工程中的应用。     

皖南-浙西-赣东北地区锰矿资源及潜力预测

本文从锰矿成矿地质背景，矿床类型及地质特征，成矿带及潜力预测，勘查程度及利用现状等方面皖赣相邻区锰矿资源，讨论了该区锰矿勘查工作远景及重要性。     

ICP-MS同时测定饮用水中25种元素的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对饮用水中25种元素进行同时测定,并对其方法进行了研究.结果表明用ICP-MS同时测定饮用水中25种元素,其最低检出限为Th 1.238 E-5μg/L;其RSD%均小于5%;加标回收率介于98.94～100.4%之间,具有较高的灵敏度、精密度和准确,特别是对一些浓度低达ng/L级,但对人体健康却产生重要影响的超痕量组分,如Tl、Th、U等的测定,本法具有其它传统分析难以满足的优势.应用于直接测定元素浓度范围从ng/L-mg/L级的实际样品,具有快速、简便、准确等优点.     

区域土地利用类型的胁迫转换与优化配置——以三峡库区为例

三峡大坝蓄水淹没土地、库区移民安置和新城及工矿迁建等带来了库区土地利用结构与布局的巨大变化。为此,如何构建符合景观生态学原理和可持续发展准则的宏观土地利用类型新格局,不仅是近10年内百万移民安置和生产布局的重点,而且关系到库区未来经济、社会与资源、环境的协调和可持续发展。论文分析了在土地淹没与置换的胁迫条件下,库区土地资源类型转换的方式与过程;从要素控制、地段设计到系统模式优化的不同层次,提出了库区土地生态设计模式与措施;并从产业协调发展的角度,提出了库区土地利用优化配置的方案。     

磷锌配施对镉污染石灰性土壤中磷锌镉有效性的影响

为了阐述磷与锌镉在土壤系统中的作用机制,采用室内培养的方法,研究了石灰性褐土在不同镉质量分数处理下磷锌配施对土壤DTPA-Cd、DTPA-Zn及速效磷质量分数的影响.结果表明,土壤中wDTPA-Cd随外加镉质量分数的增加而增加,随施磷质量分数的增加而降低.同时在相同镉质量分数处理下,配施锌能显著降低土壤wDTPA-Cd;土壤中wDTPA-Zn随外加锌质量分数的增加而增加,且随施磷质量分数的增加而增加,而随土壤中添加镉质量分数的增加显著降低;土壤速效磷的质量分数随施磷质量分数的增加而提高,而镉的加入降低了土壤速效磷质量分数,但配施锌能显著提高土壤速效磷质量分数.     

Restoration of the Marine Ecological Environment Along the Charting Coast: Primary Productivity and Biomass Study

Since 1986, when green oysters occurred due to the copper and organic pollution in the Charting coastal area, the government banned all maricultural activity. It has been claimed that growing algae in a polluted environment may clean the water of pollutants and restore the marine ecosystem. to test this hypothesis, in the Charting coastal area a three-year programme (from August 1992 to July 1995) was carried out. the survey programme included environmental components such as salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), particulate organic carbon (POC), heavy metals and ecological indicators such as nutrients, chlorophyll-a, primary productivity. in the first year study, the environmental background data collected was used to select the suitable season and locations for growing large algae transferred from the laboratory to the field study area. Since September 1993, various species of large algae have been cultured. Although some of the growing algae were damaged by a typhoon in August 1994, the impact of the growing algae on the environmental conditions in the area has been monitored throughout. Elsewhere, we have reported that in the algae growing area higher dissolved oxygen with lower values of BOD and POC were found, and the concentrations of heavy metals in both water and sediments decreased. the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the possible impact of growing large algae on the ecological conditions in Charting coastal waters through the period from August 1983 to May 1995. As a result of the positive results obtained, large amounts of algae have again been cultured in the same area during the period from April 29 to May 25, 1995. We expect that inorganic and organic pollutants will be reduced by the algal growth, oyster mariculture will be restored and finally, the fishery resources potential will be increased.     

Trace metals in different species of mollusca, water and sediments from Taiwan coastal area

Since October 1994, a long-term program of Asia/Pacific Mussel Watch: Taiwan Regional Studies has been carried out. The results indicate that trace metal contents in mollusca varied among 30 different species and the environments (water and sediments) along the Taiwan coast. The orders of bioaccumulation of trace metals in mollusca were: Cu (over 200 microg/g), Thais clavigera > Isognomon legumen > Clibanarius rivescens > Crassostrea gigas; Zn (over 700 microg/g), Moruta granulata > C. gigas > Asiatica cypraea arabica > T. clavigera; Cd (over 5 microg/g), Trochus hanleyanus > Acanthopleura japonica > Nerita albicilla > Patella flexuosa; Pb (over 2 microg/g), P. flexuosa > C. gigas > T. hanleyanus > T. clavigera > C. gigas > Capiyulum mitella; Ni (over 10 microg/g), Meretrix lusoria > Philine sp. > Littoraria scabra > Tridacna squamosa > T. hanleyanus; Cr (over 30 microg/g), Littoraria undulata > T. hanleyanus > N. albicilla > Nerita chamaelor > M. granulata; As (over 20 microg/g), Perna viridis > L. scabra; and Sn (over 5 microg/g), P. viridis > L. undulata> C. mitella> C. gigas. Their seasonal and regional variations as well as their correlation are evaluated and discussed.     

The Reuse of Urban and Industrial Waste in Tai-Lin-Pu Reclamation Project, Taiwan

This study introduces the principles of KMG's (Kaoshiung Municipal Government) dealing with the non-poisonous urban and industrial waste through reclamation of shore land in reinforcing a sense of coastal protection and land development in Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, southern Taiwan.

Through a series of experimental studies, we found that substitutes of coarse aggregate with a broad spectrum of integrating slag powder, fly ash, and cementitious material can be obtained with a benefit up to 80% saving of cement. the integrated aggregates from the non-poisonous industrial wastes were subsequently made into armour units and used in the field tests at Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, where the shorelines are seriously eroded. After being subjected to several severe typhoon advents, the results showed that the waste-made units used as the protection breakwater, together with construction wastes and excavated soil as the filling material, prove to be an effective practice in utilizing recycled urban waste to reclaim erosive shore lands. Moreover, this study also demonstrates that through detailed analysis of the waste characteristics, scrap material could be turned into valuable construction aggregates, and highlights the value of non-poisonous urban and industrial waste as a alternative resource for the shore protection engineering.     

柠条的营养成分动态变化分析

试验结果表明,柠条锦鸡儿叶片中的粗脂肪、粗蛋白、钙磷含量最高,其次为花,最差的是枝条,叶片中的粗纤维含量较低,是家畜优质的饲料。中间锦鸡儿种子中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量也很高。柠条的粗蛋白、吸附水以及磷的含量基本上以5月初为最高,从7月底到10月初呈下降趋势;粗纤维、粗灰分、钙、无氮浸出物含量从5月初到10月初逐渐增加。2年生柠条样品的粗脂肪含量10月初达到最高,而多年生柠条样品的粗脂肪含量则5月初为最高。随着生长年限的延长,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、吸附水、钙磷含量逐年下降,而粗纤维、粗灰分含量逐年增加,适口性下降。