含油污泥无害化处理方法的论述

摘要：石油开发作业和储运过程,石油化工储运与排放都会产生含油废物,也叫石油污染土壤,其中含油高的称为含油污泥。它们的渗透一是直接污染地表水体,还随雨水冲刷和水体流动携带而污染“经流区域”生态水体;二是污染土地。它们都构成对生命健康的威胁,所以进行无害化环保治理是很有必要的。文章主要介绍了污泥的组成及处置工艺。     

光纤FBG传感器实施大应变标定方法的探讨

针对钢管封装的大应变光纤光栅布拉格传感器的标定问题,设计了大应变试验加载平台,通过光纤光栅布拉格传感器对试验平台标定,确定了平台载荷与应变的比例系数K,按照等比加载实现了对光纤光栅布拉格传感器大于5000με的大应变标定。     

产品碳足迹评价简化方法与技术探讨

随着全球变暖成为社会关注的热点,碳足迹成为一个新的研究方法并迅速得到学术界的认可。国际上现有的碳足迹评价方法评价周期长且成本高。采用科学的方法对现有碳足迹评价模式进行简化,建立适合中国国情、符合中国企业生产力发展水平、经济高效的碳足迹评价制度,不仅有助于满足国内各行业对于碳足迹评价的需求,同时也可以为国际上现有的碳足迹评价方法提供可探讨的简化方式。本文在分析现有产品碳足迹评价方法不足的基础上,提出了碳足迹评价方法简化的目标、原则和途径。     

CNG储气井泄漏导致火灾及爆炸事故风险分析与对策研究

压缩天然气(CNG)储配站为典型的易燃易爆危险场所,站内储气井一旦发生泄漏,可能导致火灾或爆炸,事故风险大。本文结合工程实际,以某CNG储配站的储气井为研究对象,分别运用点源模型和TNT当量模型对喷射火火灾和蒸气云爆炸事故的伤害区域进行风险分析。根据分析结果,探讨了CNG储气井防火间距的设计,建议其防火间距应略大于规范中规定的储气罐防火间距,调压室、压缩机室和计量室设计宜在15 m外,办公、生活建筑等防火间距设计也应进行适当的调整。研究工作对今后CNG储气井防火间距设计、消防监督检查以及火灾爆炸事故应急救援具有实际参考价值。     

室内化学污染及治理

不论是工作还是起居亦或健身运动,现代都市人越来越依赖室内.这时室内环境的质量就尤其重要.本文就室内环境污染介绍了它对我们生活的影响,一些主要化学污染物的性质来源及中毒症状,在最后讲述了一些预防治理措施.     

GAP分析法在生物物种研究中的应用——以安徽省自然保护区为例

以安徽省自然保护区中50个数据完整的自然保护区为背景值,包括国家级自然保护区、省级自然保护区、市级自然保护区和县级自然保护区,全面分析GAP分析法的基本定义、原则和步骤,找出保护区中的保护空白点。对生物物种GAP分析,把物种分布图层和保护区分布图层叠制得出旌德县的“褐林鹗、乌雕鹗”为保护空白点（Gaps）,旌德县位于皖南山区,也将其视为生物多样性保护热点地区。GAP分析法对保护生物多样性、生态环境和合理开发利用自然资源具有重要的指导意义。     

活性污泥法和生物膜法SBR工艺亚硝化启动和稳定运行性能对比

在室温(25℃)条件下,同时启动活性污泥和生物膜SBR亚硝化反应器并稳定运行后,探究延长水力停留时间(HRT)和溶解氧(DO)对两工艺性能破坏与恢复的影响.结果表明,活性污泥反应器更易启动亚硝化,但当DO为2~2.5 mg·L~(-1)时亚硝化被破坏,且通过降低DO至0.5~1 mg·L~(-1)可恢复性能,而生物膜则基本不受DO影响.延长HRT均会破坏两种工艺的稳定运行,活性污泥法相比于生物膜法,其抵抗力较差但缩短HRT后恢复性能快于生物膜法.随后不断降低温度(20、15、10℃),探究DO和温度对亚硝化稳定的协同作用,结果表明温度的降低会破坏亚硝化的稳定运行,但通过DO浓度的降低可以弥补温度降低带来的不利影响,另外发现在温度大于20℃时,活性污泥法实现亚硝化速率优于生物膜法,而在低温条件(15℃以下),生物膜法更容易实现亚硝化的稳定运行,活性污泥法在10℃时,几乎没有处理氨氮的能力.通过分子微生物学分析证实了以上结论,并且发现在并不完全淘洗净NOB的条件下,也可以实现亚硝化的稳定运行.     

Gas-phase and particle-phase PCDD/F congener distributions in the flue gas from an iron ore sintering plant

The activated carbon injection-circulating fluidized bed (ACI-CFB)-bag filter coupling technique was studied in an iron ore sintering plant. For comparison, the removal efficiencies under the conditions without or with ACI technology were both evaluated. It was found that the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) removal efficiency for total international toxic equivalence quantity (I-TEQ) concentration was improved from 91.61% to 97.36% when ACI was employed, revealing that ACI was very conducive to further controlling the PCDD/F emissions. Detailed congener distributions of PCDD/Fs in the gas-phase and particle-phase of the Inlet and Outlet samples were determined. Additionally, the PCDD/F distribution for the Fly ash-with ACI sample of was also studied.     

Decolorization of Methyl Orange by a new clay-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron: Synergetic effect, efficiency optimization and mechanism

In this study, a novel nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) composite material was successfully synthesized using a low-cost natural clay, “Hangjin 2^# clay” (HJ clay) as the support and tested for the decolorization of the azo dye Methyl Orange (MO) in aqueous solution by nZVI particles. According to the characterization and MO decolorization experiments, the sample with 5:1 HJ clay-supported nZVI (HJ/nZVI) mass ratio (HJ-nZVI5) showed the best dispersion and reactivity and the highest MO decolorization efficiency. With the same equivalent Fe⁰ dosage, the HJ-nZVI1 and HJ-nZVI5 samples demonstrated a synergetic effect for the decolorization of MO: their decolorization efficiencies were much higher than that achieved by physical mixing of HJ clay and nZVIs, or the sum of HJ clay and nZVIs alone. The synergetic effect was primarily due to the improved dispersion and more effective utilization of the nZVI particles on/in the composite materials. Higher decolorization efficiency of MO was obtained at larger HJ-nZVI dosage, higher temperature and under N₂ atmosphere, while the MO initial concentration and pH were negatively correlated to the efficiency. HJ clay not only works as a carrier for nZVI nanoparticles, but also contributes to the decolorization through an “adsorption-enhanced reduction” mechanism. The high efficiency of HJ-nZVI for decontamination gives it great potential for use in a variety of remediation applications.