全文获取类型
收费全文 | 44241篇 |
免费 | 464篇 |
国内免费 | 375篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 1283篇 |
废物处理 | 2010篇 |
环保管理 | 5494篇 |
综合类 | 8623篇 |
基础理论 | 10984篇 |
环境理论 | 20篇 |
污染及防治 | 10705篇 |
评价与监测 | 2981篇 |
社会与环境 | 2751篇 |
灾害及防治 | 229篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 377篇 |
2021年 | 423篇 |
2020年 | 256篇 |
2019年 | 344篇 |
2018年 | 634篇 |
2017年 | 637篇 |
2016年 | 1004篇 |
2015年 | 749篇 |
2014年 | 1148篇 |
2013年 | 3374篇 |
2012年 | 1381篇 |
2011年 | 1844篇 |
2010年 | 1521篇 |
2009年 | 1620篇 |
2008年 | 1904篇 |
2007年 | 1921篇 |
2006年 | 1705篇 |
2005年 | 1466篇 |
2004年 | 1465篇 |
2003年 | 1424篇 |
2002年 | 1330篇 |
2001年 | 1573篇 |
2000年 | 1090篇 |
1999年 | 735篇 |
1998年 | 538篇 |
1997年 | 575篇 |
1996年 | 597篇 |
1995年 | 647篇 |
1994年 | 599篇 |
1993年 | 525篇 |
1992年 | 526篇 |
1991年 | 542篇 |
1990年 | 501篇 |
1989年 | 478篇 |
1988年 | 434篇 |
1987年 | 375篇 |
1986年 | 377篇 |
1985年 | 387篇 |
1984年 | 407篇 |
1983年 | 394篇 |
1982年 | 419篇 |
1981年 | 357篇 |
1980年 | 293篇 |
1979年 | 312篇 |
1978年 | 288篇 |
1977年 | 253篇 |
1975年 | 240篇 |
1974年 | 232篇 |
1973年 | 268篇 |
1967年 | 243篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
811.
With the advent of more stringent controls on wastewater treatment, sewage sludge production in Europe and many parts of the world is increasing. With this increase comes the problem of sludge disposal, and recycling to land arguably offers an economically and environmentally sustainable option. However, a major limitation of sewage sludge reuse is the potential release of heavy metals from the sludge and heavy metal accumulation to toxic levels in topsoils. The properties of the sludge play a crucial role in determining the initial release and subsequent availability of heavy metals in amended soils. Bioavailable forms of heavy metals in recently amended soils are most likely to be those that are bioavailable in the sewage sludge. In this paper, published research on the importance of sewage sludge characteristics on metal release and bioavailability will be reviewed and contrasted with original research. A selection of sludges from around Australia has been collected for this purpose. Through the use of incubation studies, isotope dilution techniques, ion-selective electrode measurements and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, the importance of a range of sludge properties on heavy metal behaviour in sludges and sludge-amended soils is addressed. 相似文献
812.
R Burt M.A WilsonT.J Keck B.D Dougherty D.E StromJ.A Lindahl 《Advances in Environmental Research》2003,8(1):51-67
Long-term copper smelting in the Anaconda and Deer Lodge Valley area of Montana has resulted in an extensive area of trace element contamination. Aerial extent of contamination is generally established, but total analysis of soils does not correlate to relative degree of impact on vegetation growth. Three pedons (Beaverell, Cetrack and Judco) were analyzed by routine soil characterization methods, aqua regia microwave digestion, sequential chemical extraction, and X-ray diffraction analysis with the objective of providing a better understanding of chemical forms and potential reactivity of selected trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb). Surface horizons of soils are more acidic than subsoils, with pH for all horizons ranging from 4.0 to 8.7. Beaverell is the most contaminated in the upper 20 cm with the sum of total extractable (SUMTE) trace elements by microwave digestion ranging from 1836 to 3605 mg kg−1, largest H2O-soluble (WS) and exchangeable (EX) fractions (e.g. 1.6 and 9.3%, respectively), and smallest residual (RES) fraction (e.g. 14.3%). Cetrack has greater SUMTE elements than Judco, though a lower WS+EX fraction due to the effects of alkaline pH, carbonates and high P. Oxide (OX), organic matter/sulfide (OM/S), and RES fractions predominate over WS, EX, and specially-sorbed/carbonate-bound fractions (SS/CAR) for all horizons. Copper, Zn, Pb and Cd are elevated in surface over subsurface horizons in these latter fractions, indicating these elements were anthropogenic additions. X-ray data indicate that Pb, Cu, Cr and Cd partially exists as both OX and sulfide mineral forms. 相似文献
813.
814.
815.
Gamergates (i.e. mated reproductive workers) are mostly known from ant species within the Ponerinae. We report here the discovery of gamergates in two species of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Until now, mated reproductive females in colonies of myrmicine species have been considered morphologically distinct from the worker caste. However, in two species of the myrmicine Metapone (Metapone madagascarica and a newly discovered, not yet described Metapone species) all workers have six ovarioles and a spermatheca; and some of them are mated. There are no morphological differences between mated and non-mated workers. Field observations and laboratory studies indicate that colonies of the Metapone species can reproduce with gamergates only. 相似文献
816.
Cooperative prey retrieval in the monomorphic ant Formica schaufussi is carried out by workers that perform functionally distinct roles which persist only for the duration of a single retrieval event. A forager (scout) that locates prey too large to retrieve individually organizes cooperative prey transport by recruiting nestmates (recruits) to assist in retrieval. The scout and recruit roles appear to be determined by whether a worker activates recruitment or is recruited from the nest. Scouts organize recruitment and play a key role in maintaining the cohesion of the retrieval group. If a scout that has initiated group transport is experimentally removed, the recruited workers composing the retrieval group typically abandon the prey and cooperative foraging is terminated. In this context, recruits are unable to function as scouts and reorganize group transport. Individuals marked as recruits in one prey retrieval, however, can switch and act as scouts in subsequent retrievals. Because the roles of individuals persist within but not between retrieval events, the specialization involved in cooperative prey retrieval cannot easily be explained as a response associated with age-related or genetic predispositions. This transient division-of-labor, in which individual roles may persist only for the duration of a single group action, represents a novel type of short-term individual specialization. 相似文献
817.
Microorganisms are able to synthesize three different polyamides by enzymatic processes independently from ribosomal protein biosynthesis: poly(gamma-D-glutamic acid), poly(epsilon-L-lysine) and multi-L-arginyl-poly(L-aspartic acid) which is also referred to as cyanophycin. These polyamides, which occur mainly in Bacillus spp. (and only a few other eubacteria and the nematocysts of Cnidaria, in Streptomyces albulus or in cyanobacteria, respectively), have recently attracted considerable interest of the chemical industry and may be suitable for various applications. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the occurrence, biosynthesis, physiological functions, and biodegradation as well as on the properties and putative applications of these polyamides. Emphasis is placed on the enzymology of the polymerization and on the genes encoding the polymerizing enzymes, which have only recently become available for cyanophycin synthetases. Prospects for novel production processes. in particular for cyanophycin, are also presented. 相似文献
818.
Aysen Müezzinoğlu Tolga Elbir Abdurrahman Bayram 《Environmental Engineering and Policy》1998,1(2):109-116
In this study, an inventory of air pollutant emission estimates from major air polluting sources in Turkey for period between 1985 and 2005 with 5-year intervals were estimated. Inventory covers anthropogenic sources of five major air pollutants of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and non-methane volatile organic compounds. Their break-down with respect to main activity sectors were shown and their distribution by the largest industrial source categories were worked out as annual estimates. This inventory and its analysis point to serious environmental implications of air pollutants and a need to develop a policy plan for reducing these emissions. 相似文献
819.
J. Caspar Rüegg 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1998,85(12):575-582
2+ concentrations tropomyosin is located at the edge of the thin filament, thereby interfering with the formation of strong
actin-myosin linkages (blocked state). An increase in Ca2+ activity causes an azimuthal shift of tropomyosin around the filament (by about 30°), thereby increasing the probability
of low-force crossbridge interaction, a process which by cooperative effects induces further tropomyosin movement (by an additional
10°) which results in the open state of the filament characterized by forceful crossbridge interaction. (This mechanism may
be analogous to that in ligand-gated ion channels, where ligand binding increases the open probability of the pore.) The extent
of activation then depends on the free Ca2+ concentration and on the calcium sensitivity of the thin filament that may be affected by protein phosphorylation, crossbridge
attachment, the troponin isoform composition of the filament, and novel calcium-sensitizing drugs that act on the contractile
or regulatory proteins and thus increase the force of the heart. 相似文献
820.