Factors affecting trace-metal bioaccumulation in Finnish headwater lakes

Fourteen unpolluted Finnish headwater lakes with pH values varying from 4.8 to 7.0 were studied for trace-metal concentrations in water, sediment, aquatic plants (Nuphar luteum L., Sparganium sp.), aquatic insect larvae (Limnophilus sp., Phryganea sp.) and fish (Esox lucius L., Perca fluviatilis L., Coregonus sp., Salvelinus fontinalis L., Salmo trutta L.). Trace-metal deposition was estimated by analysing the snowpack. Non-parametric correlation analysis was carried out between trace metal concentrations in biota and pH, ANC, TOC, CA + Mg concentration in water and a given metal concentration in water and sediment. Bioaccumulation of several trace metals increased with increasing acidity and decreasing ANC in water. This was especially true for Pb and Cd. Aquatic plants were, in general, the best indicator group concerning differences in trace-metal bioaccumulation in lakes with different acidity. There was some evidence that a higher concentration of TOC in water may reduce bioaccumulation of Pb, Cd and Zn in aquatic plants and fish. The copper concentration in sediment was the only background variable explaining Cu concentration in aquatic insects. Multivariate analysis of the whole background data gave comparable preliminary results. Over 80% of the trace metal concentrations in biota of different lakes was explained by the background variables. In general, elevated concentrations of most of these trace metals can be expected to occur in the biota of acidified low calcareous lakes.     

用广义λ—分布拟合空气污染数据

广义λ-分布是一个四参数可变通的概率模型,包括多种单变量分布,这一模型可用于表示空气污染浓度的频率分布。本文采用土耳其安卡拉每日的烟和SO_2监测数据,来证明广义λ-分布具有良好的拟合性质。这里还讨论了与分位数估计和拟合优度有关的一些结果,并与经典对数正态分布进行了比较。     

清洁水面的监测与油污染源的鉴别

在开阔海面上发现石油 在无风和水流作用的清洁海面,溢油以圆形污染面的形式相当快地向外扩散,例如,1立方米原油在10分钟内可扩散为平均油膜厚度为0.5毫米、直径为48米的圆形污染面,而100分钟后,圆形面则可增长至直径100米、膜厚0.1微米。     

一种岩石地球化学勘探法—用判别分析法确定黑思斯提耳(Heath Steele)矿山的微量元素晕

一、前言 纽布朗斯威克(New Brunswick)北部许多层状硫化物矿床都产生在火成碎屑石英长石斑岩和沉积岩岩系中,这些岩石已变质为绿色片岩相。矿物蚀变如果真有的话,它都局限在岩石中矿化作用的附近;产生上盘和下盘的斑状岩石,在所研究的标本上没有差别。     

荧光测定法直接分析海水中的酚

<正> 酚和酚的化合物可以拢乱生物过程,如生长(AMER & ALI 1969,SHARMA& GHOSH 1965)和发育(KORDYLEM-SKA 1980a,1980b).为进行酚对水生生物影响的研究,所以必须寻找可靠而重复性好的分析方法,以测定海水中单个酚类的浓度.已经报导了用高效液相色谱(OGAN& KATZ 1981),气相色谱(COUTTS 等1979,SUPELCO 公司1975)和分光光度法(KOPPE 等1977.OCHINSKI 1960)分析水中酚类,而这些方法由于需要花费时间萃     

斜硅镁石的生成实验

引言含(F,OH)的硅镁石族矿物主要出现在变质的碳酸盐岩石中。其最常见的代表,即斜硅镁石和粒硅镁石主要是与镁橄榄石、透辉石,透闪石、黑云母、绿泥石以及方解石和白云石伴生。在有关泥灰质变质岩     

板块运动和大陆岩浆活动

目前,地震、构造作用和岩浆活动集中在板块边缘附近。这种情况在大多数地质时期就可能如此。板块内部的大陆岩浆活动和变质作用普遍认为与大陆断裂有关,不过只有当断裂发展到横贯大陆断裂时,它们与板块边缘的关系才是明显的。本文有三个目的:第一,我们强调岩浆、构造和变质作用在大陆板块内部过去和现在都在活动,这些作用决不是只集中于板