一种新型拓扑分子表征方法的应用研究

采用本实验室新近提出的新型广义相关指数表征41个烃基酚类环境毒物结构并与其活性建立定量构效相关模型.采用逐步回归对变量进行筛选后,运用多元线性回归建模的复相关系数(Rcum)、交互校验的复相关系数(Qcum)和外部样本检验复相关系数(Qext)分别为Rcum=0.967、Qcum=0.931与Qext=0.944,优于文献中的报道值.模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力,表明此类新型广义相关指数能较好地表征该类分子结构信息,值得进一步推广应用。     

浏阳河水、底泥和土壤中高氯酸盐的污染

对浏阳市境内浏阳河水、底泥及附近土壤中高氯酸盐的污染水平进行了研究,结果发现所采集的浏阳河水中均含有较高浓度(65.8-170.0μg·1-1)的高氯酸盐,并且其含量与距离浏阳市的远近有很大相关性;但底泥样品中基本不含高氯酸盐,土壤样品中高氯酸盐含量也相对较低(0.68-14.1μg·kg-1),这从一定程度上说明了高氯酸盐在固体介质中具有较弱的吸附,并且一旦进入水环境介质中即会随着地下水或地表水快速扩散.     

A lover, not a fighter: mating causes male crickets to lose fights

Both resource-holding potential (RHP) and experience in aggressive contests are known to affect future aggressive behaviour. However, few studies have examined the effects of mating experience on agonistic behaviour, despite the fact that dominant males usually acquire more matings. We investigated the effect of mating experience on male aggressive behaviour including the relationship between RHP and fighting success in the fall field cricket, Gryllus pennsylvanicus. We formed pairs of size- and age-matched males that varied in RHP (relative weapon size) and conducted two experiments. In the first, we varied male mating experience by allowing one male in a pair to either be (a) ‘mated’: court, be mounted and copulate with a virgin female or (b) ‘experienced’: court, be mounted, but prevented from copulating. The second experiment varied postcopulatory experience where the male was allowed (‘contact’) or prevented from (‘no-contact’) continued contact with his recent mate. Following treatment, experimental males engaged in an aggressive contest with the naïve size- and age-matched male. In our first experiment, we found that mated and experienced males were equally likely to escalate contests to combat with a naïve opponent, but mated males were less likely than experienced males to win. There was no effect of mating on the relationship between RHP and fighting success. In our second experiment, we found no effect of maintaining contact with the female on the tendency to escalate or the probability of winning. As in the first experiment, males with relatively larger heads again won more fights and this relationship was unaffected by male experience. These results suggest that mating is itself detrimental to male success in aggressive contests, but that this effect is not sufficient to eliminate the effect of RHP on fighting success.     

一种非平稳随机振动试验控制系统设计

目的 实现非平稳随机振动试验控制,在传统随机振动试验控制理论基础上,提出一种针对非平稳连续振动方式下的随机试验控制方法.方法 将均方根时变的非平稳随机振动过程近似等效为一个均方根和PSD谱的乘积模型,通过实时计算归一化的驱动谱,利用均方根实时跟随控制策略,更新驱动信号,实现连续非平稳随机振动控制.利用软件编程实现控制算...     

生活区废旧物回收处理系统研究

通过对上海南汇大学城生活区的调研,分析了南汇大学城废旧物回收处理的现状和存在的问题.借鉴国内外相关研究和实践成果,结合南汇大学城的实际情况,设计了废旧物回收处理系统方案和相应的运营管理方案,并提出了建立回收中介网络、积分制运营等建议.     

脉冲电弧液相放电等离子体处理生活污水回用研究

利用脉冲电弧液相放电等离子体技术,采用某小区的生活污水,研究放电脉冲次数、放电峰值电压、曝气量对COD、氨氮去除的影响.随着放电脉冲次数的增加,COD与氨氮去除率逐渐升高,当放电脉冲次数为400次时,COD和氨氮的去除率分别为81.8％、80.3％.随着放电峰值电压的升高与曝气量的增加,COD、氨氮的去除效率增加.在相同放电处理时间下,当峰值电压为18 kV时,曝气量大于4m3/h,COD去除率大于96％,氨氮去除率大于90％,出水水质满足回用标准.     

磷矿与石灰双循环脱硫的工艺性能

采用磷矿、石灰2种脱硫剂在同一吸收塔中完成2次循环4次吸收的过程.吸收塔的下部为第1级循环,采用环栅式喷射鼓泡塔,以磷矿为脱硫剂,磷矿吸收SO2后加适量浓硫酸制成磷肥,以减少烟气脱硫除尘的运行成本.吸收塔上部为第2级循环,在传统的喷淋和浮阀板技术上进行了改进,以石灰为脱硫剂,以解决第1级循环中因磷矿所含脱硫成分少于石灰而导致的脱硫效率较低的问题,保证了较高脱硫效率.结果表明,塔的压降、脱硫剂的pH值是影响脱硫效率的关键因素,在第1级循环中磷矿浆液pH值在4.5～3.5时,脱硫效率趋于稳定;通过调整石灰水的pH值可使整个工艺脱硫效率达到80%.     

Enhanced electrochemical oxidation of phenol by introducing ferric ions and UV radiation

The mineralization of phenol in aerated electrochemical oxidation has been investigated.The results show that a cathodic Fenton process can occur when the Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni alloy material is used as cathode in solution containing ferric or ferrous ions; moreover,the reinforcement of cathodic Fenton process on the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate of phenol is quite distinct.Among the metallic ions investigated,the ferric ion is the best catalyst for the electrochemical mineralization of phenol at initial...     

北京市垃圾拾荒者的贡献及其管理对策研究

本文在定义城市垃圾拾荒者并分析其存在原因的基础上,对城市垃圾拾荒者给北京市带来的正面贡献和负面影响作了全面客观的分析,且探讨了适于北京市垃圾拾荒者管理的对策和措施并提出建议,为北京市有关部门制定垃圾拾荒者管理政策提供参考依据.     

直接染料在兼氧条件下的生物降解性能研究

实验分析了6大类14种直接染料在兼氧条件下的降解性能和脱色效果。在未加葡萄糖的实验中,采用不同温度（20℃与35℃）和不同停留时间来测定染料的降解性能。结果表明,35℃下的最佳停留时间为48h,此时的COD。的去除率及脱色均有较好的效果,而在72h的停留时间下,降解效果无明显提升。20℃下最佳停留时间则为72h,此时的COD。去除率及脱色效果与35℃下的结果很接近。在添加葡萄糖的实验中得到结果证实了葡萄糖作为在共代谢作用中的碳源对促进染料的降解起到非常积极的作用。