硫酸盐还原菌在油田中的防治方法及研究进展

文章介绍了近年来在油田中防治SRB的各种技术,列举各种技术的最新应用,并对各种技术的原理、特点以及研究进展等方面进行分析与探讨。     

外源菌剂联合柠檬酸强化龙葵修复土壤镉污染

设置对照（CK）、摩西球囊霉菌（GM）、摩西球囊霉菌+柠檬酸（GM+CA）、摩西球囊霉菌+巨大芽孢杆菌（GM+BM）和摩西球囊霉菌+巨大芽孢杆菌+柠檬酸（GM+BM+CA）这5个处理,通过测定土壤全Cd、有效Cd和植株Cd吸收量及微生物群落变化,分析了外源菌剂和柠檬酸添加对龙葵修复Cd污染效果的影响.结果表明,相对于CK处理,GM处理龙葵根、茎和叶生物量显著增加35.67%、41.35%和65.38%,GM+BM+CA处理龙葵根和茎生物量显著增加73.38%和75.38%.GM处理提高了龙葵各部位Cd含量但差异不显著,GM+BM+CA处理龙葵叶部的Cd含量显著提高79.34%.GM处理龙葵茎和叶Cd累积量显著提高47.51%和89.58%.GM+BM+CA处理龙葵叶部Cd累积量显著提高226.84%.GM+BM+CA处理显著增加了Cd由龙葵茎向叶的转运系数,增幅为52.47%.GM+BM+CA处理显著增加了叶的富集系数,增幅为120.53%.此外,联合修复对根际微生物群落结构也产生了影响,特别体现在诱导某些关键微生物类群,如变形菌门、放线菌门、球囊菌门和油壶菌门相对丰度增加2.00%~5.77%、0.76%~9.96%、2.11%~3.63%和0.54%~2.98%.RDA分析发现变形菌门和放线菌门与土壤全Cd呈显著负相关,球囊菌门和油壶菌门与土壤全Cd呈负相关.关键微生物的变化增强了龙葵吸收根际养分和抗Cd胁迫的能力,提高龙葵Cd累积能力,有效降低土壤全Cd含量.综上,摩西球囊霉菌、柠檬酸与巨大芽孢杆菌通过共接种的方式活化了土壤中的难溶态Cd,有助于龙葵富集更多的Cd,同时也与摩西球囊霉菌产生联合修复的效果.富集植物-微生物联合修复Cd污染土壤有较好的应用潜力.     

CAST工艺在制革废水处理中的应用

皮革生产企业由于污染严重,污水处理工艺简单、设备落后,最终出水各项指标超标,对环境造成严重污染。CAST工艺处理制革废水,反应条件在缺氧和厌氧之间变化,活性污泥通过酶的作用,不断经历高负荷的基质积累和低负荷的基质降解过程,迅速吸附降解污水中大部分可溶性有机物,抑制丝状菌的生长,有效地防止污泥膨胀,并达到脱氮、除磷的目的。运行结果表明,当进水BOD5为960~1250 mg/l,CODcr为2250~2780mg/l,出水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)二级标准。     

Impacts of Social and Demographic Factors on Residents’ Subjective Well-being in Rural China

Abstract

The objective of social development is to construct a harmonious society. In China, the key to a harmonious society is the happiness of more than 900 million farmers living in the rural areas. This study aimed to measure rural residents’ subjective well-being (SWB) through the day reconstruction method, as well as to analyze SWB’s influencing factors through a variety of statistical methods. The results showed that the average U index was 12.79%, indicating that respondents were unhappy 12.79% of the time. Twenty-seven percent of the population had a U index greater than 0, with the average value being 47%, indicating that these people were unhappy 47% of the time. The study also found that SWB varied according to the characteristics of the respondents. Logistic regression analysis showed that social and demographic factors, including age, education, county, household size, generation number, per capita income, migration status and social networking, which significantly affected rural residents’ SWB. The size of the impact varied with the different factors.     

Research on the exploitation and utilization degree of mineral water based on ecological base flow in the Changbai Mountain basalt area,northeast China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Mineral water from the Changbai Mountain basalt area is China's most important source of drinking water. Mineral water with abundant output and enriched...     

Highly efficient catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and organic dyes by ultrafine palladium nanoparticles anchored on CeO2 nanorods

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Uniformly dispersed Pd nanoparticles on certain supports exhibit exceptional catalytic performance toward various environmental applications. In this...     

Effects of biowaste-derived biochar on the dynamic behavior of cadmium fractions in soils

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As a commonly used amendment to soil contaminated by heavy metals, biochar has attracted great attention and has been applied for decades due to the...     

Identifying potentially contaminated areas with MaxEnt model for petrochemical industry in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The presence of heavy metal and organic pollutants in wastewater effluents, flue gases, and even solid wastes from petrochemical industries renders...     

Integrating life cycle assessment and a farmer survey of management practices to study environmental impacts of peach production in Beijing,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - While intensive peach production has expanded rapidly in recent years, few studies have explored the environmental impacts associated with specific...     

Simulated adsorption of iodine by an amino-metal-organic framework modified with covalent bonds

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Radioactive iodine in nuclear waste is increasingly harmful to the human body and the environment because of its strong radioactivity, high fluidity,...