雌二醇短期暴露对非洲爪蟾性腺和输卵管形态及性二态基因表达影响的初步研究

环境雌激素对两栖动物的生殖内分泌干扰作用已引起关注,目前的研究主要集中在长期暴露对性腺分化和发育的影响。以雌二醇(E2,10 nmol·L-1)为模式化合物,以非洲爪蟾为实验动物,6月龄的幼蛙暴露6 d,研究雌激素对性腺和输卵管形态以及性二态性基因表达的影响。结果发现,6 d的E2暴露对精巢和卵巢的形态没有明显影响,但从组织学结构来看对卵和精子的发育有微弱的促进作用。E2能够明显地促进了雌性输卵管的发育,表现为输卵管变粗变弯曲。E2暴露显著抑制精巢和卵巢中性激素合成相关基因cyp11a1、3βHSD、Srd5α、ARO的表达,对cyp17的表达无影响,使脑中LHβ和FSHβ的表达下调;对性别分化和性腺发育相关基因Dax、AR、ERα、TFⅢA、TBPL2的表达均无影响,但能够促进卵巢中Sox3的表达;同时促进脑中Emi2的表达,抑制脑中Dmrt1的表达。因此,输卵管可作为敏感的形态指标,性腺中Srd5α、cyp11a1、3βHSD、ARO、Sox3和脑中LHβ、FSHβ、Dmrt1、Emi2可作为分子指标。以上结果可为后续建立评价化学品对两栖动物雌激素效应的短期试验方法提供参考。     

The effects of sediment-laden waters on irrigated lands along the lower Yellow River in China

Expansion of irrigation in the Yellow River (Huang He in Chinese) Basin of China is a major accomplishment of the post-revolutionary period in China. Irrigation reliance on the Yellow River was anticipated to not only supply greater reliability of water for crops, but also to improve the productivity of aeolian, saline and alkali soils because of the high sediment loads in the river. Irrigation expansion also was a significant factor in affecting human modification of the landscape ecosystem in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Based on field investigation and sampling of the amount and distribution of used suspended sediment load in irrigated areas, this paper analyzes the impact of the suspended sediment on soil texture, fertility and salinity and the consequences to the landscape ecosystem. Results indicate that soil quality has indeed been improved through irrigation and related deposition of sediment, but some local problems created by long periods of irrigation should not be ignored in the future.     

资源型城市可持续发展对碳排放的影响研究——基于资源依赖的视角

基于2003~2018年285个地级市的面板数据,首先使用双重差分模型考察《全国资源型城市可持续发展规划(2013~2020年)》(以下简称《规划》)对碳排放的影响;其次,探究该政策通过资源依赖这一路径对碳排放的影响效果;进一步地,基于城市区域和城市规模两个视角分析该政策通过资源依赖影响碳排放的异质性效果;最后,探究《规划》的空间溢出效应.结果表明《规划》显著地降低了资源型城市的碳排放;机制分析表明,《规划》能够通过降低资源依赖进而减少碳排放,且产业结构升级和技术进步对《规划》的碳减排效应起到了正向调节作用;异质性分析表明,《规划》通过降低资源依赖进而促降碳排放的效果在东､中部地区以及大城市更为明显;《规划》对本地及周边地区均具有显著的碳减排效应.本研究对于在双碳目标下实现中国资源型城市的可持续发展具有重要的政策启示.     

Integration of chemical and biological methods: A case study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution monitoring in Shandong Peninsula, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), as persistent toxic substances(PTS), have been widely monitored in coastal environment, including seawater and sediment. However, scientific monitoring methods, like ecological risk assessment and integrated biomarker response, still need massive researches to verify their availabilities. This study was performed in March, May, August and October of 2018 at eight sites, Yellow River estuary(S1), Guangli Port(S2), Xiaying(S3), Laizhou(S4), Inner Bay(S5), Ou...     

燃煤锅炉协同处置油基岩屑碳排放核算及降碳贡献度分析

我国电力行业CO₂排放量巨大,约占全国CO₂排放总量的50%. 有效降低电力行业的碳排放,对我国按时实现“3060”碳达峰与碳中和的目标将起到有力支撑. 石油和天然气开采过程中产生的油基岩屑因含有较高的热值可作为锅炉煤炭燃料的替代燃料使用. 为探明利用燃煤锅炉协同处置油基岩屑的碳减排效果,选取某电站600 MW循环流化床锅炉,以30%的比例掺烧油基岩屑,并参照《温室气体排放核算与报告要求 第1部分:发电企业》和《企业温室气体排放核算方法与报告指南 发电设施(征求意见稿)》两种核算方法计算协同处置前后锅炉CO₂的排放量. 结果表明:①在30%的掺加比下,油基岩屑协同处置具有碳减排效果. 两种核算方法计算的降碳量分别为159.2和157.7 t,降碳比分别为0.543和0.538. ②油基岩屑焚烧产生的CO₂排放量小于被替代的煤炭燃烧产生的碳排放量,是协同处置具有碳减排效益的主要原因. ③核算法与检测法CO₂排放量的差异表明,企业源评估模型碳核算法最主要的不确定性来源于检测数据的精准度. 研究显示,燃煤锅炉协同处置油基岩屑具有一定的CO₂减排效果,单位热值含碳量和消耗量是影响碳减排效果的两个关键因素,建议开展油基岩屑掺加比与碳减排量间的相关性研究,为规模化开展燃煤锅炉协同处置降碳工作提供参考.      

Alterations in microbial community during the remediation of a black-odorous stream by acclimated composite microorganisms

Microbial application is an efficient, economical, and ecofriendly method for remediating black-odorous rivers. In this study, the field treatment effect and microbial community changes were monitored during remediation by the acclimated complex microorganisms of a typical black-odorous stream. After the treatment, the total phosphorus and ammonia contents decreased by 74.0% and 76.3% and the concentrations of dissolved oxygen increased from 1.65 to 4.90 mg/L, indicating the effectiveness of the acclimated composite microorganisms. The proportion of Bacteroidetes decreased significantly by 48.1% and that of Firmicutes increased by 2.23% on average, and the microbial diversity index first increased and then tended to be uniform. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that the pH, dissolved oxygen, and oxidation-reduction potential together determined the composition of the microbial communities (p < 0.05). These findings showed that the acclimated composite microorganisms can effectively remediate the black odor.     

SiO2气凝胶隔热性能的影响因素研究

目的 在不同热流条件下,通过调整SiO2气凝胶的孔隙率、涂层厚度等,以满足合适的隔热要求。方法 针对中短程飞行器飞行时外壁面承受短时高热流的特点,在分析孔隙率对SiO2气凝胶热导率影响规律的基础上,通过数值仿真研究不同气凝胶孔隙率、气凝胶厚度及热流作用下的温度响应。结果 得到了不同条件下满足隔热要求的气凝胶最小厚度,以及气凝胶表面的最高温度。高温情况下,气凝胶孔隙率为96%时,有效热导率最低,孔隙率超过96%时,隔热性能变差。结论 当飞行器内壁面温度满足要求时,增大气凝胶的孔隙率,则需要减小气凝胶的厚度,相应的气凝胶表面温度会升高,但升幅很小。当飞行器外壁面承受长时间大热流时,仅调整气凝胶的厚度和孔隙率不能达到结构的隔热要求。     

南海珊瑚礁区棘冠海星重金属含量及其生物积累特征分析

棘冠海星（Acanthaster planci）是珊瑚的天敌,可以对珊瑚礁生态系统造成重大的危害,但迄今尚未见其重金属含量与生物积累特征的报道。本文以南海珊瑚礁区的棘冠海星为研究对象,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定其12种重金属（含类金属As）的含量,通过主成分分析、Kruskal-Wallis方差检验的方法解析其分布...     

长期覆膜条件下农田土壤微生物群落的响应特征

地膜覆盖是农业生产中保障粮食增产增收的重要措施.为明确长期地膜覆盖对农田土壤微生物群落结构特征的影响,采集4个不同覆膜年限的农田土壤,利用高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌和真菌群落结构变化,探讨长期覆膜农田土壤中微生物群落的变化及其对微生物生态环境效应的影响.结果表明,长期覆膜对土壤细菌多样性无显著影响,但降低真菌多样性;长期覆膜使土壤细菌酸杆菌（Acidobacteriota）和真菌被孢霉菌（Mortierellomycetes）物种丰度降低,增加土壤放线菌（Actinobacteriota）物种丰度.长期覆膜可以使土壤富集细菌中的芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）和类诺卡氏菌（Nocardioidaceae）,及真菌中的肉座菌目（Hypocreales）和曲霉菌（Aspergillus）等有益微生物菌群.然而长期覆膜使土壤真菌共生网络变得简单而脆弱,其关键物种仅有子囊菌门中的粪壳菌目（Sordariales）中的未知菌属一种,因此对农田土壤生态环境带来潜在风险.本研究为深化了解长期覆膜对农田微生物生态环境效应的影响提供理论依据.