成都市可持续发展测度与分析

生态足迹是一种定量测量人类对自然利用程度的方法，已经被广泛应用于定量测度区域或城市的可持续发展。成都地处我国西部，是西部大开发的战略高地和“桥头堡”，对西部地区的发展起着示范、先导、辐射和带动作用。采用生态足迹理论和计算模型对成都市各类土地面积进行量化，具体计算出成都市的生态承载力、供需结构。计算结果表明，2003年其人均生态足迹超过了它的人均生态承载力，生态经济系统存在生态赤字，必须采取措施提高生态承载力，减少生态压力，探讨可持续发展的道路。     

生物降解材料聚乳酸的合成及应用研究

聚乳酸（HA）是具有良好生物相容性和生物可降解性的高分子材料，正受到人们越来越多的关注，近年来被广泛应用。综述了PLA的两种合成方法——乳酸直接缩聚和丙交酯的开环聚合法，论述了PLA在药物控制释放、骨科固定、手术缝合线及日常生活等领域中的应用，展望了HA的合成、开发现状及应用前景。     

环境友好新型聚乳酸复合材料的研究及应用

聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料是一类重要的环境友好新型可降解材料。该材料通常是以PLA高分子为基体,以无机钙质成分(如羟基磷灰石、磷酸钙、珊瑚、珍珠层)、碳纤维、生物活性成分、有机物等为增强材料复合而成。概述了近年来国内外通过共聚、共混、复合等改性方法获得PLA复合材料的研究进展;论述了PLA复合材料的制备方法、生物相容性、力学性能、开发现状及应用等;指出使用新型的复合工艺、采用超细的无机粒子或纳米增强材料或加入特殊填料,同时开发新型增强物质是PLA复合材料的发展趋势;展望了PLA复合材料的应用前景。     

伊犁河谷生态旅游资源环境分析及评价

伊犁河谷地理位置独特，特殊的气候及水文条件孕育了丰富的生态旅游资源，具备开展生态旅游的资源基础。从自然环境和人文环境两个方面分析了伊犁河谷生态旅游资源形成的条件，在对伊犁河谷生态旅游资源分类的基础上，采用定性与定量相结合的方法对伊犁河谷适宜开展生态旅游的景区（点）进行了综合评价，以期为制定伊犁河谷生态旅游开发与发展战略提供依据。     

Stabilization treatment of contaminated soil: a field-scale application in Shanghai, China

Stabilization is one of the best demonstrated available technologies for treating toxic pollutants in soils and has been used worldwide but is rarely used for treatment of contaminated sites in China despite many bench-scale studies. Here, a field-scale application of stabilization treatment in Shanghai, China was summarized to demonstrate the whole engineering process and the key technical issues regarding stabilization of contaminated soil. A site contaminated with arsenic (As) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), formerly used as a lighting plant in Shanghai, was chosen as the demonstration site. Stabilizing measures were taken to treat the contaminated soil to reuse the site for residential purposes. The whole engineering remediation process consisted of phase I environmental site assessment (ESA) and phase II ESA, quantitative human health risk assessment, remediation alternatives evaluation, bench-scale testing, remedial design, engineering implementation, and post-remediation assessment. A third party conducted evaluation monitoring indicated desirable results were achieved via the stabilization treatment. In addition, some technical obstacles related to soil stabilization treatment were discussed, including soil quality evaluation, stabilization effectiveness validation, and soil reuse assessment.     

环境风险评价简介

概述了环境风险评价有关基本概念、内容程序及环境风险评价中存在的不足,并在此基础上提出了一些建议。     

氧化沟改良工艺处理城市污水的效果分析

为研究氧化沟改良工艺对城市污水的处理效果,试验采用有效容积为1.10m3的氧化沟改良模型,以污泥龄SRT、水力停留时间HRT和外沟-中沟-内沟三沟溶解氧DO等运行参数为影响因素,对改良型氧化沟工艺处理城市生活污水运行效果进行正交试验研究。试验的最优工况为泥龄SRT取15d,水力停留时间HRT取20h,外沟-中沟-内沟三沟溶解氧DO取0.5~1mg/L-0~0.3mg/L-2~3mg/L。最优工况下对COD、NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别为84.7%、91.9%和63.4%。试验结果体现了氧化沟改良工艺的优良性能。     

Stimulation of gaseous phosphine production from Antarctic seabird guanos and ornithogenic soils

Matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) is a general term used to indicate non-gaseous reduced phosphorus compounds that are transformed into phosphine gas upon reaction with bases or acids. Antarctic seabird guanos and ornithogenic soils were used as materials to compare the different digestion methods for transforming matrix-bound phosphine into phosphine gas. The results demonstrated that more phosphine gas in most of Antarctic environmental materials was formed of matrix-bound phosphine by caustic digestion than by acidic digestion. The comparative study on different digestion methods also revealed that the fraction of MBP converted to gaseous phosphine during the digestion depended on the temperature. The optimal digestion temperature was close to 70℃ and the optimal digestion time was about 20 min. Acidic conditions were more favorable for the release of matrix-bound phosphine compared to the central[u1] conditions. The proper additional water dilution can increase the production and emission of phosphine from the Antarctic penguin guanos.     

黄家埠排污口邻近海域水环境分析

根据2007年3、5、8、10月四个航次对余姚市黄家埠2个排污口的污水调查和8月对排污口及邻近海域的水质监测,发现:1号排污口水质中pH、COD在4个航次都超标,氰化物和Cu在3个航次均未做到达标排放;排污口邻近海域主要污染因子是氰化物、Cu,氰化物浓度很高已达到鱼类中毒浓度(0.03 mg/L),排污口邻近海域水质污染较为严峻.     

杭州湾水体富营养化评价及分析

根据2007年杭州湾4月和8月COD、无机氮(DIN)和磷酸盐(DIP)调查数据,并结合1987年以及2004～2006年的调查资料,对杭州湾水体富营养化进行了分析和评价.结果表明杭州湾海域处于严重的富营养化状态,富营养化状态指数中DIN占优势,其次为COD,这两者起到了绝对性作用.水体营养等级基本为P中等限制潜在性营养(VP).通过比较发现,1987年杭州湾已经处于严重富营养状态,枯水期和丰水期其平均富营养化指数分别为22.4和17.8,与2004～2007年相差不大.