Landscape-scale spatial distribution of the Lanner Falcon (Falco biarmicus feldeggii) breeding population in Italy

Falco biarmicus feldeggii is one of the most threatened taxa in Europe. Its global population is estimated at a few hundred pairs unequally scattered in a vast and fragmented area stretching from Sicily to the Caspian Sea. Most recent counts showed that Italy hosts a large part (>25%) of the whole population. Consequently, Italian authorities promoted a national action plan. In this framework, we carried out the first national survey for the Lanner Falcon in Italy (2003-2004). Our study area covered the whole breeding range, i.e., Sicily and the Italian peninsula (n = 2909 cells 10 x 10 km). When possible, we considered also additional information from previous regional investigations (1993-2001). First, we estimated size and distribution of each breeding subpopulation. Then, we tried to identify, at landscape level, the main environmental features linked to the spatial distribution of the nesting sites. We found the Lanner Falcon in 184 cells (6.4% of the total grid map), but we estimated no more than 140-172 pairs (70-80 of which are in Sicily) in the same breeding season. Higher levels of isolation characterize the continental breeding cells whereas in Sicily cells are much more clustered. Altitude is the main factor influencing cell aggregations in Italy; nevertheless, other environmental variables, such as climate, precipitation, and vegetation may be important. Our results show that the conservation measures adopted in Italy are somewhat inadequate given the low number of breeding pairs included in protected areas (23%-28%). Many small and scattered special areas of conservation (SAC) devoted to conserve priority habitats fit the irregular spatial aggregations of Lanner Falcon sites better than several large special protection areas (SPA).     

Validation of an ecosystem modelling approach as a tool for ecological effect assessments

In ecotoxicology, derivation of a "safe" environmental concentration is usually achieved by the use of extrapolation factors or by statistical extrapolation from a set of single species toxicity data. These approaches ignore ecological interactions between species in the field. An ecology-based alternative to this pragmatic approach can be ecosystem modelling, which can account for ecological interactions. However, it is largely unexplored how well the predictions of these models quantitatively agree with large-scale experimental studies. Therefore, we evaluated the capacity of a flexible ecosystem model to predict population and ecosystem-level no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) of 7 organic toxicants. These NOECs were compared with population and ecosystem-NOECs observed in 11 micro- and mesocosm studies. For each of the latter studies, the model was customized to account for the specific ecological interactions within these systems and combined with appropriate single-species toxicity data from literature. Population-NOEC predictions were accurate, or at least protective, for 60, and 85% of all considered model populations, respectively. For all 11 studies, a protective ecosystem-NOEC could be derived, being accurate in 7 cases, and conservative in 4 cases. In general, it can be stated that this type of models can serve as an ecology-based alternative to current extrapolation techniques in EEAs and water quality standard setting.     

Environmental risk assessment of metals: tools for incorporating bioavailability

In this paper, some of the main processes and parameters which affect metal bioavailability and toxicity in the aquatic environment and its implications for metal risk assessment procedures will be discussed. It has become clear that, besides chemical processes (speciation, complexation), attention should also be given to physiological aspects for predicting metal toxicity. The development of biotic ligand models (BLMs), which combine speciation models with more biologically oriented models (e.g. GSIM), has offered an answer to this need. The various BLMs which have been developed and/or refined for a number of metals (e.g. Cu, Ag, Zn) and species (algae, crustaceans, fish) are discussed here. Finally, the potential of the BLM approach is illustrated through a theoretical exercise in which chronic zinc toxicity to Daphnia magna is predicted in three regions, taking the physico-chemical characteristics of these areas into account.     

深圳市斜坡类地质灾害发育特征及影响因素分析

根据深圳市地质灾害调查数据,总结了深圳斜坡类地质灾害的基本特征,分析了地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、地下水、降雨及人类工程活动对崩塌、滑坡灾害的影响,认为人类工程活动是斜坡类地质灾害发生的主要原因,降雨是最主要的诱发因素.     

阴山北麓草原生态功能区植被覆盖度遥感动态监测

为揭示植被覆盖度时空动态变化及其与气候因子的相关关系,以2011年国务院印发的《国家主体功能区规划》中划定的防风固沙类型的阴山北麓草原生态功能区为研究区域,以MODIS长时间序列的植被指数产品为数据源,采用像元二分法、一元线性趋势法以及相关分析法等,对阴山北麓草原生态功能区植被覆盖时空变化及其与气温和降水的关系进行分析.结果表明:阴山北麓草原生态功能区植被覆盖较差,其中以察哈尔右翼中旗的植被覆盖度为最高,数值在30%~60%之间;乌拉特后旗植被覆盖度为最低,处于2.31%~8.89%之间.2000-2010年研究区植被覆盖整体呈波动下降趋势,以低等级（0~20%）和较低等级（20%~40%）为主,两等级面积占90%以上;处于高等级（60%~80%）和较高等级（80%~100%）水平的区域面积总和仅占研究区总面积的0.62%.2000-2010年植被覆盖度由高等级向低等级的转化趋势明显,植被退化面积占研究区总面积的53.4%,植被改善面积仅占1.63%,基本不变的区域占44.97%.相关分析显示,研究区植被覆盖度与同期降水响应关系良好,大部分区域二者呈正相关;植被覆盖度与同期气温关系不明显,大部分区域二者呈负相关,说明降水是影响阴山北麓草原生态功能区植被覆盖度变化的主要自然因素.      

热变形参数对LD7铝合金显微组织的影响

在Gleeble 15 0 0热模拟试验机上对LD7铝合金试样在变形程度为 6 0 %、变形温度为36 0～ 4 80℃、变形速率为 0 .0 1～ 1s-1的条件下进行等温压缩试验 ,然后对其进行固溶处理。分析热变形参数对合金固溶后显微组织的影响 ,可以得到如下结论 :LD7铝合金的晶粒尺寸随温度的升高而增大 ,随变形程度的增大而减小 ,随变形速率的增大而减小     

生态安全预警进展研究

生态安全是国家安全的重要组成部分,是国防安全、政治安全和经济安全的坚实基础,其中生态安全预警在生态安全研究体系中处于重要的地位,文章从生态安全理论的视角,总结国内外研究成果,分析了生态安全体系中的生态安全预警的含义、研究方法和特征,提出了加强生态安全预警的几点建议。     

水泥窑共处置低品质包装废物的生命周期评价

以低品质包装废物为典型固体废物开展水泥窑共处置试烧试验. 以生命周期评价(LCA)方法为研究手段,对水泥窑共处置技术的环境影响进行评价,并且与常规水泥熟料生产过程进行比较. 通过试验和资料调研,获得所有生命周期阶段的能量和物质输入、输出以及环境外排数据,利用SimaPro7.1软件进行处理,得出相应的环境影响潜值. 结果表明:①在水泥熟料生产的全生命周期过程中,对环境影响所占比重最大的是生产阶段,共处置低品质包装废物可以使环境影响潜值降低10.65%（从263 Pt降至235 Pt）,主要表现在无机物对人体的损害和酸化/富营养化方面. ②从全生命周期来看,共处置低品质包装废物使环境影响潜值降低了8.68%（从334 Pt降至305 Pt）,主要表现在无机物对人体的损害和酸化/富营养化方面的降低,二者的环境影响潜值分别降低了11.00%和15.70%.      

上海地铁车站空气中CO2浓度调查

１９９８年５月末对上海地铁人民广场站和漕宝路站２个站台内空气中ＣＯ２浓度进行了监测，以日本，美国，澳大利亚和韩国４个国家的室内空气质量标准进行影响评价。结果表明：２个地铁站内空气中ＣＯ２浓度在大部分运营时间内低于１５７１．４或１１７８．８ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，属“可”或“良”。     

浅析水泥行业中的清洁生产机会

清洁生产是企业可持续发展的必由之路,本文以某水泥企业为例,通过对其生产全过程进行分析,找出能够提高原材料、能源的利用率和产品质量,减少废弃物产生的技术、经济、环境可靠的清洁生产机会,通过方案的实施获得一定的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益,为今后水泥行业的清洁生产审核积累了经验。