鄱阳湖北部沙山一处平行层理砂层的释光信号回零分析及年代学研究

鄱阳湖作为中国最大淡水湖,其周边发育若干沙山。虽然此前研究多认为这些沙山为风力堆积的产物,但是这些沙山中上部还普遍保存有水成沉积构造的沉积层。选取江西省湖口县沙洲村沙山一处代表性的平行层理砂层（吴淞高程约40.3 m）为研究对象,首先对目标砂层的石英和钾长石开展光释光信号回零分析。研究结果显示该砂层的石英光释光信号和钾长石光释光信号均呈现明显的晒退不均。这种现象与沉积构造解译一致,即目标沉积层为水成堆积过程的产物。之后,对目标砂层开展年代学研究,通过对比鄱阳湖湖岸一处现代平行层理砂层的光释光年代结果,将沙洲村沙山目标砂层的年代限定为全新世大暖期（石英单片和单颗粒光释光年龄分别为(6.9±1.6) ka和(6.4±2.2) ka）。     

人体呼出气中NO 作为超细颗粒物健康效应生物标记物的测量

建立了一个简易、准确的人体呼出气中NO(eNO) 测量方法,并利用该方法测量成人呼出气中NO的含量,10 名志愿者9d的NO 平均值为9.4±3.3μg·m-3.对测得的NO 值与大气颗粒物浓度进行相关性分析及回归分析,初步分析了超细颗粒物与eNO 的相关性,这些相关性说明了大气超细颗粒物对人体呼吸系统健康存在的潜在影响,而eNO 可作为这一效应的生物标记物.     

Quantitative relationship between visibility and mass concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing

The pollution of particulate matter less than 2.5μm （PM2.5） is a serious environmental problem in Beijing. The annual average concentration of PM2.5 in 2001 from seasonal monitor results was more than 6 times that of the U,S, national ambient air quality standards proposed by U.S. EPA. The major contributors to mass of PM2.5 were organics, crustal elements and sulfate. The chemical composition of PM2.5 varied largely with season, but was similar at different monitor stations in the same season. The fine particles （PM2.5） cause atmospheric visibility deterioration through light extinction, The mass concentrations of PM2.5 were anti-correlated to the visibility, the best fits between atmospheric visibility and the mass concentrations of PM2.5 were somehow different： power in spring, exponential in summer, logarithmic in autumn, power or exponential in winter. As in each season the meteorological parameters such as air temperature and relative humidity change from day to day, probably the reason of above correlations between PM2.5 and visibility obtained at different seasons come from the differences in chemical compositions of PM2.5.     

Temporal-spatial distribution and variability of cadmium contamination in soils in Shenyang Zhangshi irrigation area, China

Heavy metal contamination in soils has been of wide concern in China in the last several decades. The heavy metal contamination was caused by sewage irrigation, mining and inappropriate utilization of various agrochemicals and pesticides and so on. The Shenyang Zhangshi irrigation area （SZIA） in China is a representative area of heavy metal contamination of soils resulting from sewage irrigation for about 30 years duration. This study investigated the spatial distribution and temporal variation of soil cadmium contamination in the SZIA. The soil samples were collected from the SZIA in 1990 and 2004; Cd of soils was analyzed and then the spatial distribution and temporal variation of Cd in soils was modelled using kriging methods. The kriging map showed that long-term sewage irrigation had caused serious Cd contamination in topsoil and subsoil. In 2004, the Cd mean concentrations were 1.698 and 0.741 mg/kg, and the maxima 10.150 and 7.567 mg/kg in topsoils （0-20 cm） and subsoils （20-40 cm） respectively. These values are markedly more than the Cd levels in the second grade soil standard in China. In 1990, the Cd means were 1.023 and 0.331 mg/kg, and the maxima 9.400 and 3.156 mg/kg, in topsoils and subsoils respectively. The soil area in 1990 with Cd more than 1.5 mg/kg was 2701 and 206.4 hnl2 in topsoils and subsoils respectively; and in 2004, it was 7592 and 1583 hm^2, respectively. Compared with that in 1990, the mean and maximum concentration of Cd, as well as the soil area with Cd more than 1.5 mg/kg had all increased in 2004, both in topsoils and subsoils.     

脱氮硫杆菌氧化硫化氢过程中的生物氧化和化学氧化

在好氧反应器中研究了不同条件下H2S生物氧化和化学氧化之间的关系.结果表明,在pH为6～8、温度为25～35℃和溶解氧浓度为10.5 mg·L-1时,当硫化氢进气摩尔流速稳定在2.1 mmok·L-1·h-1时,脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans)氧化硫化氢的生物氧化速率可达到1.9 mmol·L-1·h-1以上,此时硫化物在液相的累积摩尔速率和H2S出口摩尔流速均很低;化学氧化速率随pH、温度和溶解氧浓度的增加而增大,可达到0.33 mmol·L-1·h-1～0.45 mmol·L-1·h-1;化学氧化速率在最佳菌体生长条件范围内占总氧化速率的比值较小,为8.6～19.1%,而随着pH值、温度的降低这一比值上升至29%～43.7%.     

再生水对作物种子萌发、幼苗生长及抗氧化系统的影响

以小麦、黄瓜、西红柿为供试材料,研究再生水水培对小麦、黄瓜和西红柿种子萌发、生长发育及其活性氧清除系统的影响.结果表明,再生水对小麦种子发芽率有明显的促进作用,对西红柿种子无显著影响,而黄瓜种子表现出一定的抑制作用;对各物种幼苗生长发育有一定促进作用,再生水灌溉对小麦、黄瓜及西红柿叶片活性氧清除系统均无不利影响;作物各叶绿素及蛋白质含量也显著高于对照.研究结果表明,再生水可以替代自来水进行作物灌溉,但灌溉过程中需采取适当的措施,使再生水利用效果最佳.     

海洋环境氯离子沉降率及腐蚀严酷度评价研究

目的 通过大气环境氯离子沉降率和严酷度评价研究,为海水抽水蓄能电站设备防腐蚀设计提供数据支撑.方法 主要利用干片法和银测试片法对海南某地区远海a点和近海b点3—6月大气中的氯离子沉降率和腐蚀速率进行研究.结果 干片法数据分析发现,每月b点氯离子沉降率高于a点,其平均温度低于a点,平均相对湿度高于a点.银片数据分析发现,...     

“新环保法”对环境监测职责定位的研究思考

研究了新修订的《中华人民共和国环境保护法》,深入思考了法定环境监测的定义范畴、属性定位、统一监督管理的新内涵和新要求,分析了监管主体职责、行为主体定位,梳理了环境监测的任务和面临的问题,提出了环境监测监督管理需要深入研究的重点领域和方向。     

环境地球物理在污染场地调查中的现状及展望

简述了国内外对不同污染场地调查环境地球物理方法的研究现状及成果,指出了目前存在的问题.针对污染场地调查污染深度浅、污染浓度低的特点,提出了建立重金属污染在浅层迁移的数学物理模型和提高设备检测精度的必要性.对环境地球物理方法在环境领域的应用进行了展望.     

多无人机协作监测污染气团的研究现状

分析了多无人机协作监测污染气团的研究意义,以及涉及到的4个主要技术问题——未知环境的搜索方法、环境地图建模、任务分配和路径规划的研究现状,指出多无人机协作监测研究的仿真平台、三维空间的监测技术及精确的模型是开展该项工作的重要研究方向。